her 50s, spent a year working low-wage jobs as a waitress in Florida, a housecleaner in Maine and a Wal-Mart sales clerk in Minnesota. Her detailed ethnography, the best-selling Nickel and Dimed, reveals how physically demanding and personally demeaning these jobs are, and how workers are trapped in them. Ehrenreich’s book has received wide critical acclaim, a typical book review in the Minneap...

in razi’s view, faith and safety, is a root taken from the words of “tasdigh (confirming)” and “aman (safety)” and in literature it means “recognization and confirimation by heart”and “admitting by words”; when recognition by heart is achieved, verbal confession is also achieved. he believes that the conceptual bases of faith are “recognition and accepting by heart” and “verbal confession” and ...

Thisarticle describes critical design ethnography, an ethnographic process in­ volvingparticipatory design workaimed at transforming a local contextwhile producing an instructional design that can beused in multiplecontexts. Here, we reflect on the opportunities and challenges that emerged as we built local critiques thenreified them intoadesignedartifact thathasbeen implemented in classrooms a...

Sociologists understand the term ‘organization’ in very broad terms to mean any structure by which social life and behaviour are managed. The term is more narrowly understood to mean formal organizations with a bureaucratic structure. Some formal organizations process ‘clients’, like schools and police stations, where the principal purpose is the management of people and their needs. Others are...

A ‘doxastic venture’ model of faith – according to which having faith involves believing beyond what is rationally justifiable – can be defended only on condition that such venturesome believing is both possible and ethically acceptable. I show how a development of the position argued by William James in ‘The will to believe ’ can succeed in meeting these conditions. A Jamesian defence of doxas...

the rule of necessity to respect the principle of good faith in performance of the contract is the result of :union: rights and ethics. good faith in performance of the contract with subjective and objective criteria and using cost-benefit analysis, wealth maximization, game theory, efficiency and welfare standards, leading to the achievement of the objectives set by the parties of contract. la...