Liquid forms of active pharmaceutical ingredients, ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic mixtures (DEMs), offer several potential benefits in respect to advancing formulations. The aim this study was develop characterise ILs/DEMs composed two molecules: ketoprofen (KET), as the acidic component, a local anaesthetics (LA), lidocaine (LID), mepivacaine (MEP) or bupivacaine (BUP), which constitute...

In this work an analytical solution of general validity is used to explain mechanism of the silicon influence on the absolute chill tendency (CT) and chill (w) of cast iron. It is found that CT can be related to nucleation potential of graphite (Nv), growth parameter (μ) of eutectic cells, temperature range (∆Tsc) and the pre-eutectic austenite volume fraction (fγ). It has been shown that silic...

A solidification processing approach to the refinement of lead-tellurium-antimony alloy microstructure is described. Liquid alloys with eutectic, hyper-eutectic and hypo-eutectic compositions (relative to lead) were cooled to the solid state in three distinct ways, i.e. by water quenching, air cooling and furnace cooling. The structures of the alloys resulting from the three different solidific...

Superior creep strength of a heat resistant AX52 magnesium alloy is ascribed to the grain boundary eutectic Al2Ca phase covering the primary -Mg grains. The eutectic phase is stable in morphology at temperatures below 473K, while it collapses during long term exposure at temperatures higher than 473K. The microstructural change of the alloy during high temperature exposure is characterized by t...

As a continuation of diffraction work on melts from eutectic binary systems such as Al-Sn [1], Au-Co [2], and Bi-Cu [3] an investigation of melts from the eutectic system Sn-Zn by means of neutron diffraction will be described in the present work. The liquidus lines in the constitution diagrams of these systems always show a point of inflection, so th a t segregation tendency in molten state is...

• Non ionic eutectic solvents: phenol-cyclohexanol mixture. SLE phase diagram by DSC experiment. Microscopic structure and hydrogen bonding IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction theoretical calculations. deep solvents (type V) have been recently proposed as innovative alternative solvents. Prepared mixing the starting components, their mixtures show strong deviations from thermodynamic ideality. A...

Two-phase dendrites are needlelike crystals with a eutectic internal structure growing during solidification of ternary alloys. We present a scaling theory of these objects based on Ivantsov's theory of dendritic growth and the Jackson-Hunt theory of eutectic growth. The additional introduction of the relationship ρ∼λ (ρ: dendrite tip radius; λ: eutectic interphase spacing) suggested by recent ...

Semi-solid metal processing results in liquid segregation at the surface of the components. The pitting behavior of this surface layer of semi-solid metal processed alloy F357 was compared with the centre (or bulk) of cast plates in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution. It is shown that pitting attack occurs preferentially in the eutectic regions at the interface between silicon particles and the alpha p...