There is an increasing interest in the study of direct plasma generated in liquid/ bioliquid as it fi nds more applications in both industry and academic research. For all the applications, it is important to get a better understanding of the key physical mechanisms of the breakdown process. In the present paper, streamer propagation during an electric breakdown process of dielectric liquid was...

Present investigation describes preparation of microspheres by solvent evaporation and W/O emulsion solvent evaporation methods followed by in vitro characterization of microspheres to evaluate the effect of method of preparation on physical properties and drug release profile of microspheres. The microspheres were found to be discrete, spherical with free flowing properties. The morphology (Sc...

A model of unsaturated soil-water movement using a prediction model of basic physical soil properties for calculating correlation functions was developed using VADOSE/W. The reliability of the model was assessed by comparing the results with those of a soil-column test. Coefficients of determination, R2, between the simulated and the measured daily evaporation for sand-mulch thicknesses of 0 (c...

[i] Most measurement approaches for determining evaporation assume that the latent heat flux originates from the soil surface. Here, a new method is described for determining in situ soil water evaporation dynamics from fine-scale measurements of soil temperature and thermal properties with heat pulse sensors. A sensible heat balance is computed using soil heat flux density at two depths and ch...

We report on experiments of droplet evaporation on a structured superhydrophobic surface that displays very high contact angle (CA ∼ 160 deg), and negligible contact angle hysteresis (<1 deg). The droplet evaporation is observed to occur in a constant-contact-angle mode, with contact radius shrinking for almost the entire duration of evaporation. Experiments conducted on Teflon-coated smooth su...

The precise determination of evaporation flux from liquid surfaces gives control over evaporation-driven self-assembly in soft matter systems. The Hertz-Knudsen (HK) equation is commonly used to predict evaporation flux. This equation states that the flux is proportional to the difference between the pressure in the system and the equilibrium pressure for liquid/vapor coexistence. We applied mo...

When a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from the black hole into its outside environment due to the Hawking radiation and the energy accretion onto black hole. Exactly speaking, any thermal equilibrium state has no energy flow, and therefore the black hole evaporation is a nonequilibrium process. To study details of evaporation process, nonequilibrium effects of the net ene...

A quantitative description of droplet evaporation is important to aerosol research for nanofabrication, spray drying, fuel combustion, pollution control, and respiratory medical treatments. Evaporation is a movingboundary problem with coupled mass and heat transport. An explicit finite-difference methodology and computer code has been developed for simulation of an evolving droplet, property da...

Interpreting observations of seepage into underground openings is often complicated by evaporative potentials created by the necessity to ventilate the openings. Evaporation removes liquid from the seepage face. By doing so, it reduces both the likelihood of seepage onset and the seepage flux, and thus can enhance the perceived effectiveness of the capillary barrier. We modeled liquid-release t...