RecA protein catalyzes DNA strand exchange, a basic step of homologous recombination. Upon binding to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), RecA protein forms a helical nucleoprotein filament. Normally, this nucleoprotein filament binds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and promotes exchange of base pairs between this dsDNA and the homologous ssDNA that is contained within this filament. Here, we demonstrate ...

In the class of Ornstein transformations the mixing property satisfies a 0-1 law. Here we consider Ornstein’s construction with bounded cutting parameter. In fact, these latter transformations are not mixing, however it is proved that the weak mixing property occurs with probability one. Our situation is similar to the case of interval exchange transformations whose link with the cutting and st...

In this paper, we consider the popular proportional sharing mechanism and discuss the incentives and opportunities of an agent to lie for personal gains in resource exchange game. The main result is a proof that an agent manipulating the proportional sharing mechanism by misreporting its resource amount will not benefit its own utility eventually. This result establishes a strategic stability p...

Some open problems on fuzzy implications dealing with the so-called importation law are studied and totally or partially solved in this work. In particular, it is proved that such property (in fact a weaker version than the law of importation) is stronger than the exchange principle. Along this study, new characterizations of (S,N)-implications and R-implications involving the law of importatio...

Along with the unstable national and global economic conditions, investors consumers defend themselves to invest in property sector. Companies go public obtaining capital markets as a means obtain sources of funds. Investors creditors will see financial condition required before company increase distress (financial distress) or not investing their capital. Therefore, analysis prediction company...

We present an approach to automating computationally sound proofs of key exchange protocols based on public-key encryption. We show that satisfying the property called occultness in the Dolev–Yao model guarantees the security of a related key exchange protocol in a simple computational model. Security in this simpler model has been shown to imply security in a Bellare–Rogaway-like model. Furthe...

Security services become crucial to many applications such as e-commerce payment protocols, electronic contract signing, and certified e-mail delivery with the phenomenal growth of the Internet. For these applications fair exchange must be assured. A fair protocol allows two members participating in a contract to exchange digital signatures over the Internet in a fair way, so that either each p...

This paper examines property relations in massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) through the lens of John Locke’s theory of property. It argues that Locke’s understanding of the common must be modified to reflect the differences between the physical world that he dealt with and the virtual world that is now the site of property disputes. Once it is modified, Locke’s theory provides grounds ...

We define two classes of rings calling them weakly clean rings and weakly exchange rings both equipped with the strong property. Although the classes of weakly clean rings and weakly exchange rings are different, their two proper subclasses above do coincide. This extends results due to W. Chen (Commun. Algebra, 2006) and Chin-Qua (Acta Math. Hungar., 2011). We also completely characterize stro...