The exchange rate regime in Iran is practically fixed. The Central Bank of Iran (CBI) has committed itself to trying to bring about a particular exchange rate regime to meet two important targets: 1. Sustaining competitiveness of the economy, 2. Acquiring the share of foreign reserves in monetary base in a predetermined level. Since 2001 the share of foreign reserves in monetary base has i...

Robust supplier selection problem, in a scenario-based approach has been proposed, when the demand and exchange rates are subject to uncertainties. First, a deterministic multi-objective mixed integer linear programming is developed; then, the robust counterpart of the proposed mixed integer linear programming is presented using the recent extension in robust optimization theory. We discuss dec...

The paper investigates the impact of EMU on foreign direct investment flows. Using the option value approach to investment decisions, it is possible to show how exchange rate uncertainty hinders cross-border investment flows. By permanently fixing bilateral exchange rates, a currency union can then be expected to spur international investment. Results from a gravity model on a sample of OECD co...

one of the ways to be informed on the extent of activities in various industries is to measure the rate of nominal protection. this paper tries to calculate the nominal and effective protection in order to examine the exchange rate unification impacts on the protection of pulp and paper industries with the aim of performing the exchange rate unification policy. therefore, nominal protection rat...

This paper explores the hypothesis that high volatility of real and nominal exchange rates may be due to the fact that local currency pricing eliminates the pass-through from changes in exchange rates to consumer prices. Exchange rates may be highly volatile because in a sense they have little effect on macroeconomic variables. The paper shows the ingredients necessary to construct such an expl...