This review focuses on the (mal)adaptive processes in atrial excitation-contraction coupling occurring in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Cellular remodeling includes shortening of the atrial action potential duration and effective refractory period, depressed intracellular Ca2+ transient, and reduced myocyte contractility. Here we summarize the current knowledge of the ionic bases u...

Relaxation processes on the picosecond and subpicosecond time scale after optical excitation have been studied by time-resolved magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation from ferromagnetic nickel. A fast drop of the second-harmonic intensity and the Kerr-signal within 300 fs after optical excitation has been observed which is followed by a partial recovery within a few picoseconds. We sh...

We report the first observation of coherent ρ production (AuAu→ AuAuρ) and ρ production accompanied by mutual nuclear Coulomb excitation (AuAu → AuAuρ), and the observation of coherent ee pair production (AuAu→AuAuee) in ultraperipheral relativistic heavy-ion collisions (UPCs). We give transverse momentum, mass, and rapidity distributions. The cross sections for coherent ρ production at √ sNN =...

Muscle glycogen is an important fuel for contracting skeletal muscle during prolonged strenuous exercise, and glycogen depletion has been implicated in muscle fatigue. It is also apparent that glycogen availability can exert important effects on a range of metabolic and cellular processes. These processes include carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism during exercise, post-exercise glycogen r...

Protection against strong-light-induced photodamage of the photosynthetic apparatus and entire organisms is a vital activity in plants and is also realized at the molecular level of the antenna complexes. Reported recently, the regulatory mechanisms which operate in the largest plant antenna complex, LHCII (light-harvesting complex II), based on light-driven processes, are briefly reviewed and ...

We propose an extension to Hawkes processes by treating the levels of self-excitation as a stochastic differential equation. Our new point process allows better approximation in application domains where events and intensities accelerate each other with correlated levels of contagion. We generalize a recent algorithm for simulating draws from Hawkes processes whose levels of excitation are stoc...