In excitable cells, the generation of an action potential (AP) is associated with transient changes of the intra- and extracellular concentrations of small ions such as Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-). If these changes cannot be fully reversed between successive APs cumulative changes of trans-membrane ion gradients will occur, impinging on the cell volume and the duration, amplitude and frequency of APs...

This article presents a novel parallel-excited dual-PM reluctance machine with enhanced torque and efficiency performance. The key is to build an integrated magnetic field two sets of PM excitation sources in both stator yoke slot openings. Two produce parallel field, which contributes superimposed flux the airgap, thus leading strengthened variation, improved back-EMF torque. Additionally, spe...

large capacity cylindrical tanks are used to store a variety of liquids. their satisfactoryperformance during earthquake is crucial for modern facilities. in present paper, the behavior of cylindricalconcrete tanks under harmonic excitation is studied using the finite element method. liquid sloshing, liquidviscosity and wall flexibility are considered and additionally excitation frequency, liqu...

Rods, cones and melanopsin containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) operate in concert to regulate pupil diameter. The temporal properties of intrinsic ipRGC signalling are distinct to those of rods and cones, including longer latencies and sustained signalling after light offset. We examined whether the melanopsin mediated post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) ...

Compressional pulses were launched in a two-dimensional Yukawa lattice, a hexagonal monolayer of polymer microspheres suspended in a plasma. The pulsed wave was excited by a laser beam, and nonlinear effects were observed for Mach numbers M>0.07 and for variation of particle number density delta(n)/n>0.1, but no steepening of the pulse was detected. The pulse propagation speed was found to be c...

The excitation of surface plasmons in individual silver nanowires and gold nanorods is investigated by means of high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. The transverse and longitudinal modes of these nanostructures are resolved, and the size variation of the plasmon peaks is studied. The effect of electromagnetic coupling between closely spaced na...

The asymmetry dependence of the caloric curve, for mononuclear configurations, is studied as a function of neutron-to-proton asymmetry with a model that allows for independent variation of the neutron and proton surface diffusenesses. The evolution of the effective mass with density and excitation is included in a schematic fashion and the entropies are extracted in a local density approximatio...

The variation of the energy spectrum of n±i±p±i crystals under excitation was examined and the influence of the reduction of the screening length on the ratio between the coefficient of diffusion and the mobility of the current carriers was established. It is shown that the filling of subband states by carriers results in an anomalous behaviour of the diffusivity±mobility ratio. The effect occu...

The interaction of a trapped ion with a laser beam in the strong excitation regime is analyzed. In this regime, a variety of non{classical states of motion can be prepared either by using laser pulses of well de ned area, or by an adiabatic passage scheme based on the variation of the laser frequency. We show how these states can be used to investigate fundamental properties of quantum mechanic...