Abstract datatypes can be typed conveniently using existential types. Even though it is a powerful abstraction mechanism, current type inference systems based on Hindley-Milner do not allow existential types as first-class citizens – every existential type must be explicitly declared, packed, and unpacked using a data constructor. We present an extension of theMLF type system with first-class e...

We integrate existential types into a strongly typed C-like language. In particular, we show how a bad combination of existential types, mutation, and aliasing can cause a subtle violation of type safety. We explore two independent ways to strengthen the type system to restore safety. One restricts the mutation of existential packages. The other restricts the types of aliases of existential pac...

Existential risks are those that threaten the entire future of humanity. Many theories of value imply that even relatively small reductions in net existential risk have enormous expected value. Despite their importance, issues surrounding human-extinction risks and related hazards remain poorly understood. In this article, I clarify the concept of existential risk and develop an improved classi...

Background Medical education is intended to prepare graduates for a promoting health and caring for the sick. Medical students are confronted with significant academic, psychological and existential stressors. There is insufficient information regarding psychological morbidity among Nepalese medical students. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, among the med...

PURPOSE End-of-life care is designed as response to patients' verbally communicated needs. The concept of dying as a process would allow us to improve care. This concept may combine the needs of the dying, their outburst of emotions, gradual maturation, family processes, acute problems such as decreasing independence, with their inner experience and transformation of perception. In this study w...

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent disorders with an impact on existential aspects of person's life, including employment i.e., work performance (WP). In order to develop appropriate strategies, it is essential to identify determinants of WP. The objective of this study was to identify the built, social, attitudinal and health system-related environmental determinants of WP in workers ...

A growing body of evidence shows that existential and spiritual well-being in cancer patients is associated with better medical outcomes, improved quality of life, and serves as a buffer against depression, hopelessness, and desire for hastened death. Historical and recent research suggests a role for psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy in treating cancer-related anxiety and depression. A double-...

Objective: To systematically review the effect of psychosocial interventions on improving QoL, depression and anxiety of cancer caregivers. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of psychosocial interventions among adult cancer caregivers published from 2011 to 2016. PsycINFO, PubMed, Proquest, Cochrane Library, Embase, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), Cumulative Index to...