We propose an ownership types system with existential quantification of owners, similar to the existential quantification of types in models of Java wildcards. This produces a system with variant ownership types. Using explicit existential types for variance is more expressive, less ad hoc, and easier to understand and reason about than previous solutions. Furthermore, we propose using both typ...

We investigate a SAT-based bounded model checking (BMC) method for EMTLK (the existential fragment of the metric temporal logic with knowledge) that is interpreted over timed models generated by timed interpreted systems. In particular, we translate the existential model checking problem for EMTLK to the existential model checking problem for a linear temporal logic (called HLTLK), and we provi...

Human embryonic stem cell research can bring about major biomedical breakthroughs and thus contribute enormously to human welfare, yet it raises serious moral problems because it involves using human embryos for experiment. The "moral status of the human embryo" remains the core of such debates. Three different positions regarding the moral status of the human embryo can be categorised: the "al...

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of different gradations of noise reduction (NR) algorithm in hearing aids, through acoustical and perceptual measures. Methods: The output of the hearing aid with NR at three gradations (minimum, medium and maximum) and without NR, at 0 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) across three types of noise (cafeteria, speech babble, and traffic n...

Mammographically-detected breast arterial calcifications (BAC) are considered to be an incidental finding without clinical importance since they are not associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The goal of this article is to review existing evidence that the presence of BAC on mammography correlates with several (but not all) traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and wit...

BACKGROUND Nursing home and home care nursing staff must increasingly deal with palliative care challenges, due to cost cutting in specialized health care. Research indicates that a significant number of dying patients long for adequate spiritual and existential care. Several studies show that this is often a source of anxiety for care workers. Teaching care workers to alleviate dying patients'...