The purpose of our study was to compare inspiratory- and expiratory-related changes in retropalatal cross-sectional area (CSA) during wakefulness to those during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. We studied 18 subjects in whom the severity of sleep-disordered breathing varied. Relative changes in CSA were visualized by using fiber-optic endoscopy. For each breath analyzed (wakefulness n = 4-...

Options are an important tool in financial markets for managing and transmitting risk, while also providing investors with the opportunity to earn returns. This paper first introduces basic concepts characteristics of options, including definition option, buyer seller, strike price, expiration date. Next, differences between European American Asian Brazilian options discussed. Then, development...

*AANA Journal Course No. 25: The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists is accredited as a provider of continuing education in nursing by the American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation. The AANA Journal course will consist of 6 successive articles, each with objectives for the reader and sources for additional reading. At the conclusion of the 6-part series, a final ex...

*The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists is accredited as a provider of continuing education in nursing by the American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation. The AANA Journal course will consist of 6 successive articles, each with objectives for the reader and sources for additional reading. At the conclusion of the 6-part series, a final examination will be printed in...

In hygiene and technology of foods, almost all the species within the group of lactic acid bacteria have their meaning, as in the positive (fermentation, antimicrobial activity, sensory characteristics of products, probiotic effect), so in the negative sense spoilage bacteria, biogenic amines producers, antimicrobial resistance). Certain species of lactobacilli are “specialized” for use in some...

Fair exchange protocols allow both or neither of two parties to obtain the other’s items, and this property is essential in e-commerce. In this paper, we construct an optimistic fair exchange protocol that is applicable to any digital signature by prescribing three forms of signatures, namely presignature, post-signature and notarised signature. We set an expiration date for presignature, and t...

*AANA Journal Course No. 23: The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists is accredited as a provider of continuing education in nursing by the American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation. The AANA Journal course will consist of 6 successive articles, each with objectives for the reader and sources for additional reading. At the conclusion of the 6-part series, a final ex...

*AANA Journal Course No. 26: The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists is accredited as a provider of continuing education in nursing by the American Nurses Credentialing Center Commission on Accreditation. The AANA Journal course will consist of 6 successive articles, each with objectives for the reader and sources for additional reading. At the conclusion of the 6-part series, a final ex...

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as refer...