Possible cause of an abrupt warming in winter mean surface air temperature in the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere in the late 1980s is investigated using observation and reanalysis data. To determine the timing of abrupt warming, we use a regime shift index based on detection of the largest significant differences between the mean values of two contiguous periods. Results show that the ...

In this paper we assess the impact of foreign MNEs on China’s rapidly rising export sophistication during 1998-2005. We use a measure of export sophistication newly developed in the literature, and distinguish MNEs between wholly foreign owned enterprises (WFOEs) and joint ventures (JVs), and between MNEs from OECD and from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan (HMT). We test several hypotheses based on ...

The selection of an optimal regression model comprising linear combinations of various integer powers of an independent variable (explanatory variables) is considered. The optimal model is defined as the most accurate (minimal variance) stable model, where all parameter estimates of the orthogonalized explanatory variables are significantly different from zero. The potential causes that limit t...

salmonella is still one of the most important pathogens related with foodborne outbreaks.this study was designed to examine the combined effects of different levels of ph (7.4, 6.4, and 5.4), acids (acetic, citric and hydrochloric acid), temperatures (35 °c and 25 °c), and nacl concentrations (0.5, 3 and 6%, w/v), on growth of salmonella typhimurium in brain heart infusion broth. the experiment...

This paper introduces an approach to level-set topology optimization that can handle multiple constraints and simultaneously optimize non-level-set design variables. The key features of the new method are discretized boundary integrals to estimate function changes and the formulation of an optimization sub-problem to attain the velocity function. The sub-problem is solved using sequential linea...

Data collected by the International Arctic Buoy Programme from 1979 to 1998 are analyzed to obtain statistics of sea level pressure (SLP) and sea ice motion (SIM). The annual and seasonal mean fields agree with those obtained in previous studies of Arctic climatology. The data show a 3-hPa decrease in decadal mean SLP over the central Arctic Ocean between 1979–88 and 1989–98. This decrease in S...

OBJECTIVE To compare the ability of scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) to discriminate between healthy and glaucomatous eyes with manufacturer-assumed fixed and subject-specific variable corneal polarization magnitude (CPM) and corneal polarization axis (CPA) values. METHODS An SLP was modified to enable the measurement of CPM and CPA values so that compensation for corneal birefringence could ...

[1] Previous analyses of sea level pressure (SLP) trends have often focused on boreal winter trends. Here we demonstrate that externally-forced SLP trends are observed in all four seasons, with simulated and observed decreases in SLP at high latitudes and increases elsewhere. We find that the observed pattern of seasonal mean zonal mean SLP changes is inconsistent with simulated internal variab...