Abstract Some simple arguments are introduced for a possible explanation of the behavior lateral shower age proton-initiated showers. The corresponding analytical treatment based on proposed argument is then illustrated. Using Monte Carlo simulation (MC) code CORSIKA, we have validated how different characteristics associated with predicted in present parametrization, can be understood. and its...

In extensive air shower experiments, the number of muons crossing a detector at given position, as well their arrival time, direction, and energy, are determined by more fundamental 3-dimensional distribution linked to hadronic core shower. Muons produced high up in atmosphere after decay mesons cascade. The distributions production depth, transverse momentum enough fully predict muon component...

KASCADE-Grande is a multi detector setup for the investigation of extensive air showers in the 10 − 10 eV energy range. With the Grande array it is possible to reconstruct the shower core position, the arrival direction and the total number of charged particles in the shower. The Grande array measures in coincidence with the original KASCADE muon array consisting of 622 m shielded scintillators...

To determine the size of an extensive air shower it is not necessary to have knowledge of the function that describes the fall-off of signal size from the shower core (the lateral distribution function). In this paper an analysis with a simple Monte Carlo model is used to show that an optimum ground parameter can be identified for each individual shower. At this optimal core distance, r opt , t...

Cosmic rays have valuable information about universe surroundings us. Finding energy, mass and arrival direction of primary cosmic ray particle are the most important aspects of extensive air shower studies. In order to determine these parameters, arrival direction and core position of extensive air showers should be determined at first. In this article, a new method has been introduced that ut...

Using the large hadron calorimeter of the KASCADE experiment, hadronic cores of extensive air showers have been studied. The hadron lateral and energy distributions have been investigated in order to study the reliability of the shower simulation program CORSIKAwith respect to particle transport, decays, treatment of low-energy particles, etc. A good description of the data has been found at la...

The capability of the Muon Tracking Detector to measure the radial and tangential angles of muons in extensive air showers, in combination with the shower direction as determined by the scintillator array of KASCADE experiment, has been investigated. Due to different characteristics in shower development of light and heavy primary particles the radial angle is sensitive to the mass of them. For...