BACKGROUND In patients who have an injury of the cervical spinal cord, the brachioradialis tendon may be transferred to the extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon to restore voluntary wrist extension. We hypothesized that the active range of motion of the wrist depends on the position of the elbow after this transfer because the brachioradialis changes length substantially during elbow flexion, ...

In many species of frog, the forelimb muscles important in amplexus are known to be much larger in males than in females. We studied this dimorphism in three forelimb muscles in the bullfrog [abductor indicus longus (AIL), flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR)] by testing their isometric contractile properties. One muscle that is not dimorphic, the extensor carpi ulnaris...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cervical radiculopathy is a pathological process involving a nerve root of the cervical spine. The most common causes of radiculopathy are cervical disc herniation followed by cervical spondylosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dropped shoulder as a cause of lower cervical radiculopathy. METHODS In total, 132 patients, comprising 105 women (79.5%)...

In modern orthopedic practice, some diseases do not cause pronounced functional disorders in the anatomical segments of limbs but are accompanied by persistent pain syndrome. Among such is lateral epicondylitis, or «tennis elbow». The superfi cial extensor muscles posterior group forearm begin region epicondyle humerus, particular carpi radialis longus and brevis. deepening knowledge about typic...

Background: Lateral epicondylitis (LE) most commonly affects the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis (ECRB) tendon andpatients are generally treated with injection therapy. For optimal positioning of the injection, as well as an estimation ofthe surface area and content of the ECRB tendon to determine the volume of the injectable needed, it is important toknow the exact location of...

Children with cerebral palsy often have spasticity of both the extensors and flexors, but how and why a flexion contracture of the wrist will develop during growth is not thoroughly understood. In order to understand the muscle adaptations that occur during contracture formation, the relationship between intraoperative sarcomere length and the extent of contracture was measured in 23 children (...

The interaction among the motor units of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) muscles in man was studied during wrist extensions in which the two muscles acted as synergists. Intramuscular recordings were obtained using special quadrifilar needle electrodes. Isometric wrist extensions at 20-30% of the maximal effort were studied. The electromyographic (...

We asked human subjects to make accurate step-tracking movements of the wrist to targets that required 5 degrees-30 degrees of radial or ulnar deviation. Speed instructions were given prior to each trial. Muscle activity was recorded from extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) using surface electrodes. The agonist muscle initiated each movement with a brief burst...

Aiming at the control of a powered prosthetic hand, this paper reports development tactile sensing system that estimates motion intention hand user. Tactile sensors using Polyvinylidene Difluoride (PVDF) film were developed to detect forearm surface features caused by muscle contraction forearm. A neural network was used classify motions as inputs. Number and location on discussed in depth pape...

Disrupted triphasic electromyography (EMG) patterns of agonist and antagonist muscle pairs during fast goal-directed movements have been found in patients with hypermetria. Since peripheral electrical stimulation (ES) and motor training may modulate motor cortical excitability through plasticity mechanisms, we aimed to investigate whether temporal ES-assisted movement training could influence p...