Forelimb trajectory and the activity of eight muscles operating at the elbow, wrist and digit joints were analyzed during contact placing (CP) reactions elicited by tactile stimuli applied to the lateral (L) or medial (M) side of the cat's forepaw to verify whether a common movement strategy was used in these reactions. A tactile stimulus applied to the lateral side of the paw led, most frequen...

[Medical Research Council (MRC) 2–3] was detected in the triceps brachii, f lexor carpi ulnaris and median nerve-innervated hand muscles. The flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris and finger flexors were mildly impaired. The shoulder girdle muscles, the biceps brachii, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis were spared. The muscle stretch reflexes were normal, except fo...

We report the incidental discovery of a flexor carpi radialis brevis tendon, a rare anatomical variant identified during a surgical procedure. Magnetic resonance imaging of the contralateral side helped to delineate the anatomy of the flexor carpi radialis tendon and to differentiate the flexor carpi radialis brevis tendon from it. We describe the use of this rare tendon in ligament reconstruct...

OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and referred pain area of trigger points (TrPs) in blue-collar (manual) and white-collar (office) workers, and to analyze if the referred pain pattern elicited from TrPs completely reproduces the overall spontaneous pain pattern. METHODS Sixteen (62% women) blue-collar and 19 (75% women) white-collar workers were included in this study. TrPs in the tempora...

Our knowledge about the mechanisms of human motor cortex facilitation induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is still incomplete. Here we used pharmacological conditioning with carbamazepine, dextrometorphan, lorazepam, and placebo to elucidate the type of plasticity underlying this facilitation, and to probe if mechanisms reminiscent of long-term potentiation are involv...

The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of pulse configurations and current direction for corticospinal activation using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). In 11 healthy subjects (8 female), a motor map for the motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recorded from the first dorsal interosseus (FDI), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), extensor carpi radialis, and biceps brachii (...

Fractures of both the radius and ulna are usually treated with two separate incisions and rarely with one single incision. However, both methods have disadvantages. For this we describe a relatively safe single straight posterior incision for exposure of the whole shafts of both the radius and ulna with the forearm rested on a board across the chest. This procedure was used in 116 forearms in 1...

Sonomyography (SMG) is the signal we previously termed to describe muscle contraction using real-time muscle thickness changes extracted from ultrasound images. In this paper, we used least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict dynamic wrist angles from SMG signals. Synchronized wrist angle and SMG signals from the extensor carpi radialis muscle...

AIM: During tennis, the development of fatigue has been shown to induce performance decrements. However, it is not known specifically if the forearm muscles play a key factor in skilled performance. The aim of the current study was to investigate forearm fatigue following a tennis protocol and to determine the physiological and performance effects of a novel tennis grip on forearm muscle fatigu...

BACKGROUND Fear of frailty is a main concern for seniors. Surface electromyography (sEMG) controlled assistive devices for the upper extremities could potentially be used to augment seniors' force while training their muscles and reduce their fear of frailty. In fact, these devices could both improve self confidence and facilitate independent leaving in domestic environments. The successful imp...