Restenosis is one of clinical limitations for vein graft in coronary bypass graft. It has been proved that signal pathway IGF-1 and its receptor (IGF-1R) activated by hemodynamic mechanical stretch are responsible for the vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation in vein graft neointima formation. Unfortunately, there is no routinely successful method to resolve this problem. Gene delivering t...

BACKGROUND The jugular vein cutdown for a totally implantable central venous port (TICVP) has 2 disadvantages: 2 separate incisions are needed and the risk for multiple vein occlusions. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of a cephalic vein (CV) cutdown in children. METHODS We prospectively followed patients who underwent a venous cutdown for implantation of a TICVP between Jan. 1, 2002, an...

During the routine dissection of the head and neck, a variation in the termination of the common facial vein was noticed in two (a male aged 93 years and a female aged 53 years) South Indian cadavers. In the male, an accessory muscle, the subclavius posticus was also observed in the left posterior triangle. The muscle was attached posteriorly to the superior angle and the adjoining part of the ...

Venous aneurysms are a relatively rare pathology, far less common than arterial aneurysms. Unrelated to either age or gender, they can affect any vein, including cervical, thoracic, visceral, and lower limb veins. Aneurysmal dilatations in cervical veins are rare due to low pressure in the vena cava system; they can involve any vein but most frequently are observed on the internal and external ...

BACKGROUND Right internal jugular vein (IJV) is a preferred access route for tunneled (cuffed) dialysis catheters (TDCs), and both right external jugular vein (EJV) and left IJV are alternative routes for patients in case the right IJV isn't available for TDC placement. This retrospective study aimed to determine if a disparity exists between the two alternative routes in hemodialysis patients ...

Introduction: Internal jugular vein ectasia is a condition in which there is a dilatation of the internal jugular vein. A patient usually presents in the first decade with swelling in the neck, which aggravates in size while straining or coughing. This is a very rare condition and the chances of misdiagnosis are quite high. It is diagnosed by proper history taking, examination, and radiol...

a 30-year-old female with end-stage renal disease was a candidate for dual lumen catheter placement. after catheter insertion, o2 saturation measurement of the aspirated blood from the catheter was similar to that of arterial blood. they referred the patient to our hospital after 48 hours. diagnostic procedures revealed that the tip of the catheter had entered the pleural cavity. catheter remov...

central venous catheterization (cvc) is a commonly performed procedure for venous access. it is associated with several complications. we report a rare case of extra luminal entrapment of guide wire during cvc placement in right jugular vein. we report a case of 28 years old female patient presented in our emergency with history of entrapped guide wire in right side of neck during cvc. x-ray sh...