African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a lethal haemorrhagic disease of swine which can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals and their excretions or indirect contact with contaminated fomites. The shedding of ASFV by infected pigs and the stability of ASFV in the environment will determine the extent of environmental contamination. The recent outbreaks of ASF in Europe m...

The study was conducted to evaluate a mAb-based coproantigen detection assay for monitoring fox prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis infections in the Shiretoko National Park in Hokkaido, Japan. Eight fox families, each consisting of 2-4 adults and their pups, were selected because their territories have been determined. Faeces of each family (total n = 537) were collected monthly from Apr...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the association between average daily gain and the number of Lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in faeces of growing pigs with different levels of diarrhoea. METHODS A longitudinal field study (n = 150 pigs) was performed in a Danish herd from day 29 to 47 post weaning. Every third day all pigs were weighed, subjected to a clinical exam...

9 Sustainable management of toilet waste must prevent disease transmission but allow reuse of plant 10 nutrients. Inactivation of uterus-derived Ascaris suum eggs was studied in relation to ammonia in 11 source-separated urine without additives and in human faeces to which urea had been added, in order to 12 evaluate ammonia-based sanitation for production of safe fertilisers from human excreta...

Agriculture contributes significant volumes of livestock faeces to land. Understanding how faecal microbes respond to shifts in meteorological patterns of contrasting seasons is important in order to gauge how environmental (and human health) risks may alter under a changing climate. The aim of this study was to: (i) quantify the temporal pattern of E. coli growth within dairy faeces post defec...

Host-parasite interactions are a key determinant of the population dynamics of wild animals, and behaviours that reduce parasite transmission and infection may be important for improving host fitness. While antiparasite behaviours have been demonstrated in laboratory animals and domesticated ungulates, whether these behaviours operate in the wild is poorly understood. Therefore, examining antip...

BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, which may increase the risk of gastritis, peptic ulcers, and cancer, has increased worldwide. This number is estimated to be around 70-90% in developing countries and 25-50% in developed countries. It is possible that the bacterium can be transmitted via food and water as well as zoonotically and iatrogenically. Because of high prevale...

1. ["'C]Cyclamate was not metabolized when incubated with the liver, spleen, kidney or blood of rats or rabbits kept on a cyclamate-containing diet, and that had become converters of cyclamate into cyclohexylamine. 2. ["'C]Cyclamate was converted into cyclohexylamine when incubated under anaerobic conditions with the contents of the caecum, colon or rectum or with the faeces of cyclamate-pretre...

BACKGROUND Humans can get infected through direct or indirect contact with infective stages of zoonotic parasites shed to the environment through dog faeces. OBJECTIVES This study was designed to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites present in dog faeces shed on the street of Ibadan metropolis, one of the largest cities in Africa. METHODS Twenty-three locations were random...

BACKGROUND Many animals communicate by marking focal elements of their home range with different kinds of materials. Visual signaling has been demonstrated to play a previously unrecognized role in the intraspecific communication of eagle owls (Bubo bubo), in both territorial and parent-offspring contexts. Visual signals may play a role in a variety of circumstances in this crepuscular and noct...