This study reviews the renal aspects of diuretic resistance occurring in treatment, mostly with loop diuretics congestive heart failure. A short discussion on different classes diuretics, including recently introduced sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, and their mechanism action nephron is provided, followed by a summary recent data discussing causes pathophysiological mechanisms resistan...

Cardiac hypertrophy develops in response to increased workload reduce ventricular wall stress and maintain function efficiency. Pathological can be adaptive at the beginning. However, if stimulus persists, it may progress chamber dilatation, contractile dysfunction, heart failure, resulting poorer outcome social burden. The main pathophysiological mechanisms of pathological are cell death, fibr...

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