This paper examines several aspects of India’s system of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations (IGFR). It first reviews the origins and context within which the IGFR system was established and examines how it has evolved. It describes the nature of the system, including assignment of powers and functions, intergovernmental fiscal transfers and the principles that guide their design. It examines se...

This article addresses how low-income urban adolescents view the fairness of different aspects of American society, including how wealth is distributed, the nature of legal constraints, and overall social opportunities and legitimacy. This research emerged from efforts to understand the moral and emotional nature of some adolescents' aggressive tendencies. Recently it has become clearer that ag...

The World Health Organization (WHO) published the analysis of the health systems in 191 member states of WHO with important data (mostly for the year 1999) on probability of dying under age 5 years and between ages 15 and 59 years, life expectancy at birth, disability-adjusted life expectancy--DALE which is defined as the expectation of life lived in equivalent full health, responsiveness of he...

Family foster care (FFC) is the preferred out-of-home measure for protection of children and youth through Europe, in accordance with research findings its superiority meeting developmental needs youth. Portugal, however, does not accompany European trend implementation FFC. Even after changes made to law, prioritizing FFC, it represents only 2,7% placements (Instituto de Segurança Social, I.P....

Self-contribution to the income (individual achievement) was an important factor which needs to be taken into individual's fairness considerations. This study aimed at elucidating the modulation of self-contribution to the income, on recipient's responses to unfairness in the Ultimatum Game. Eighteen participants were scanned while they were playing an adapted version of the Ultimatum Game as r...

The primary objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficiency of removal of cariogenic bacteria and carious dentin by ablation using two lasers: fluorescence-feedback controlled (FFC) Er:YAG laser and different pulses of Er:YAG laser based on variable square pulse technology (VSPt). The secondary objective was to measure the temperature during laser ablation of carious tissue. Sev...

price fairness and price satisfaction is one the most important fields in pricing and also in customer satisfaction. in this research, first the dimensions of price fairness, price satisfaction, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty are extracted from marketing literature, then five hypotheses are developed. in proposed model, price fairness has direct impact on price satisfaction, custom...