Animal research finds that insulin regulates dopamine signaling and reward behavior, but similar research in humans is lacking. We investigated whether individual differences in body mass index, percent body fat, pancreatic β-cell function, and dopamine D2 receptor binding were related to reward discounting in obese and non-obese adult men and women. Obese (n = 27; body mass index>30) and non-o...

OBJECTIVE The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between fat mass index and hip bone mineral density in a group of Lebanese adolescents and young adults. METHODS & RESULTS 91 females and 111 males (aged 13 to 30) participated in this study. Body composition (lean mass, fat mass and bone mineral content) and bone mineral density (BMD) of whole body (WB), total hip (TH) and ...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported associations between lower lifetime socioeconomic position (SEP) and higher body mass index in adulthood, but few have examined associations with direct measures of fat and lean mass which are likely to have independent roles in health and physical functioning. METHODS We examined associations of SEP across life with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry m...

BACKGROUND An unfavorable body composition is often present in chronic arthritis patients. This unfavorable composition is a loss of muscle mass, with a stable or increased (abdominal) fat mass. Since it is unknown when this unfavorable composition develops, we compared body composition in disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD)-naive early arthritis patients with non-arthritis controls a...

INTRODUCTION the main objectives of weight-loss interventions are to decrease fat mass while maintaining fatfree mass. OBJECTIVE our aim was to address effectiveness body composition changes in overweight adolescents assessed by different body composition methods following an obesity intervention programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS the life-style intervention was multi-disciplinary, with 13 mon...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether reduced sleep is associated with differences in body composition and the risk of becoming overweight in young children. DESIGN Longitudinal study with repeated annual measurements. SETTING Dunedin, New Zealand. PARTICIPANTS 244 children recruited from a birth cohort and followed from age 3 to 7. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Body mass index (BMI), fat mass (kg), ...

BACKGROUND Pericardial fat has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity-related cardiovascular disease. Whether the associations of pericardial fat and measures of cardiac structure and function are independent of the systemic effects of obesity and visceral adiposity has not been fully explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants from the Framingham Heart Study (n=997; 54.4% women) under...