Safety is increasingly important for software based, critical systems. Fault tree analysis (FTA) is a safety technique from engineering, developed for analyzing and assessing system safety by uncovering safety flaws and weaknesses of the system. The main drawback of this analysis technique is, that it is based on informal grounds, so safety flaws may be overlooked. This is an issue, where forma...

A new hazard analysis technique, called System-Theoretic Process Analysis, is capable of identifying potential hazardous design flaws, including software and system design errors and unsafe interactions among multiple system components. Detailed procedures for performing the hazard analysis were developed and the feasibility and utility of using it on complex systems was demonstrated by applyin...

Self-stabilization is a theoretical framework of nonmasking fault-tolerant distributed algorithms. In this paper, we investigate the Steiner tree problem in distributed systems, and propose a selfstabilizing heuristic solution to the problem. Our algorithm is constructed by four layered modules (sub-algorithms): construction of a shortest path forest, transformation of the network, construction...

A general framework of hydraulic fault diagnosis system was studied. It consisted of equipment knowledge bases, real-time databases, fusion reasoning module, knowledge acquisition module and so on. A tree-structure model of fault knowledge was established. Fault nodes knowledge was encapsulated by object-oriented technique. Complete knowledge bases were made including fault bases and diagnosis ...

Transportation control systems are safety critical systems. While a couple of years ago control systems mainly used to be built up from (electro-) mechanical devices, nowadays more and more functionality is software controlled. To sustain the high level safety standards for these embedded systems, we propose to use fault tree analysis integrated with formal methods for analyzing system safety. ...

The smart grid concept has emerged as a result of the requirement for renewable energy resources and application of new techniques. It is proposed as a practical future form of power distribution system. Evaluating the reliability of smart grids is of great importance and significance. Focusing on the perspective of the consumers, this paper proposes a layered fault tree model to distinguish an...

A tree-based fault-tolerant multicast algorithm built on top of pipelined circuit switching is presented. The algorithm is provably deadlock-free and livelock-free, requires only a single message startup, and guarantees messages are delivered over shortest paths in the fault-free and traffic-free case. Simulation results in two-dimensional mesh networks show that the algorithm produces signific...

In the last 30 years various mathematical models have been used to identify the effect of component failures on the performance of a system. The most frequently used technique for system reliability assessment is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and a large proportion of its popularity can be attributed to the fact that it provides a very good documentation of the way that the system failure logic was...

Traditional fault tree analysis is not always sufficient when analysing complex systems. To overcome the limitations dynamic fault tree (DFT) analysis is suggested in the literature as well as different approaches for how to solve DFTs. For added value in fault tree analysis, approximate DFT calculations based on a Markovian approach are presented and evaluated here. The approximate DFT calcula...

This paper presents a fault classification method for transmission lines based on voltage phasors using classification and regression trees (CART). The proposed method is intended to aid system operators in understanding the outputs of a PMU only state estimator. Faults are classified into four categories when the estimator is positive sequence and into ten categories when the estimator is thre...