Until very recently, joint source channel techniques mostly focused on systems using fixed-length coding, eventhough variable-length coding (VLC) is widely used, particularly in video coding. Typically, VLC bit streams are made channel-robust through packetization and standard forward-error correction (FEC). However, when the channel conditions are fairly mild, FEC can reveal itself bandwidth-i...

The concept of Network-on-Chip (NoC) is becoming a main trend in the area of System-on-Chip (SoC) design. In NoC communications, data may have errors caused by noise or technology. Forward-Error-Correction (FEC) algorithms can be used to improve the systems’ reliability by detecting and correcting errors on the receivers. Many FEC algorithms were proposed and investigated during the past few de...

BACKGROUND In this study, two traits related with resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) were measured in 529 adult sheep: faecal egg count (FEC) and activity of immunoglobulin A in plasma (IgA). In dry years, FEC can be very low in semi-extensive systems, such as the one studied here, which makes identifying animals that are resistant or susceptible to infection a difficult task. A zer...

With the development of computer technology and Internet technology, more and more real-time error control principles are implemented. Based on research of error control technology, In this thesis, we implement data packet’s coding and decoding based on Reed-Solomon code through looking chart; and emulate the real-time error control systems that use error control methods of FEC and FEC/ARQ. Exp...

German Aerospace (DLR), Fraunhofer FOKUS.cats, and Tesat-Spacecom have designed a future multimedia ATM-based LEO satellite network. Part of the development are an adaptive MAC and FEC scheme which is presented in this paper. The FEC implementation switches on the fly during a connection between several FEC and modulation modes to guarantee a maximum ATM cell error rate of 10−6. In order to pre...

In this paper we compare three schemes proposed for error recovery for real-time multimedia applications: media-dependent forward error correction (MD-FEC) proposed for real-time audio, media-independent forward error correction (MI-FEC) proposed for real-time video and the recently re-discovered multiple description coding (MDC). We provide a detailed queueing analysis for these schemes consid...

In interactive voice applications, FEC allows to recover from losses. FEC schemes need to be simple in order to allow interactivity. We study a simple scheme implemented in FreePhone audio tool [High Speed Networking Group, INRIA, Sophia Antipolis, http://www-sop.inria.fr/rodeo/fphone] and RAT: Robust Audio Tool [Multimedia Integrated Conferencing for European Researchers, University College, L...

This paper provides guidelines for Wireless ATM (WATM) link dimensioning and coding parameters optimisation subject to meeting specified Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. It takes into consideration a comprehensive set of coding as well as teletraffic issues: (1) effects of retransmissions of erroneous packets using Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ) protocols, (2) modulation efficiency (3) Fo...

FEC mechanisms have been proposed to recover from packet losses, and hence to improve the perceived quality in audio applications. Recently, it has been shown in [1] that the redundancy added by a FEC scheme increases the congestion of the network and deteriorates the audio quality instead of improving it. In this work we show via a simple queuing analysis that the impact of FEC on the audio qu...

The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) is the method of choice to monitor anthelmintic efficacy against gastro-intestinal nematodes in livestock. Guidelines on how to conduct a FECRT are made available by the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). Since the publication of these guidelines in the early 1990 s, some limitations have been noted, including (i...