Both sexes of the turquoise-browed motmot, Eumomota superciliosa, display their long-racketed tail in an exaggerated side-to-side wag display in two contexts. In the first, the wag display is performed in the presence of predators (predator-elicited wag display), and evidence supports the hypothesis that the signal functions as a pursuit-deterrent signal (Murphy 2006, Behavioral Ecology, 17, 54...

the basic issue in this article is to analyze the relationships of characters in nezami’s khosrow & shirin by using of greimas’s actors pattern. in nezami’s narrative we found the six actors that greimas mentioned; including: transmitter, recipient, subject, object, helper, and deterrent. according to the results of this article the transmitter is part of khosrow’s character – his unconsciousne...

background: fleas are important vectors of human and animal disease, and control measures for protection against their bites and flea-borne diseases are necessary. methods : the essential oils (eos) of four native medicinal plants, ziziphora tenuiore , myrtus communis , achillea wilhelmsii and mentha piperita were isolated by hydrodistillation technique and analyzed by gc-mc. the repellent acti...

The widespread use of synthetic chemical pesticides beginning in the late 1930s has contributed to development insecticide resistance many important species pest insects and plants. Recent trends pesticide have emphasized more environmentally benign control methods that take into consideration environmental, food safety, human health. Biopesticides (e.g., naturally occurring pesticidal compound...

Essential oils (EOs) obtained from different parts of plants consist diverse chemical constituents. Most the essential are rich in monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropenes. The diversity constituents imparts several biological activities such as insecticidal, repellent, attractant, antifeedant, oviposition deterrent, disruption growth regulation, fungicidal antiviral to these oils. Tradi...

Experimental huts are part of the WHO process for testing and evaluation of Insecticide Treated Nets (ITN) in semi-field conditions. Experimental Hut Trials (EHTs) mostly focus on two main indicators (i.e., mortality and blood feeding reduction) that serve as efficacy criteria to obtain WHO interim recommendation. However, several other outputs that rely on counts of vectors collected in the hu...