One of the least understood areas in the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops is their impact on soil and plant-associated microbial communities. In a review of literature, Dunfield and Germida (2004) found that transgenic plants and plant litter can influence the composition of the plant-associated microbial communities. Their review also points to such effects having be...

1. introduction early frost in the autumn and late spring frost are the most common disasters related to the huge agricultural damages in west azerbaijan province. among 39 natural disasters in the world, 7 dominant disasters occur in this region and the frost has the first rank regarding the damage to the public sector and insurance industry in recent years. based on several reports, early spr...

during 2005, in a faunistic survey of tachinidae associated with pests of field crops which carried out in shirvan region (north khorasan province), 3 adult tachinids emerged from agrotis sp. (lepidoptera: noctuidae) larvae collected in sugar beet field of agricultural college of shirvan. the specimens were identified as gonia ornata meigen 1826. this is the first record of the occurrence of th...