Excessive axial tension is very likely involved in the aetiology of tendon lesions, and the most appropriate indicator of tendon stress state is the true stress, the ratio of instantaneous load to instantaneous cross-sectional area (CSA). Difficulties to measure tendon CSA during tension often led to approximate true stress by assuming that CSA is constant during loading (i.e. by the engineerin...

The bicipital aponeurosis (BA) is a fascial expansion which arises from the tendon of biceps brachii and dissipates some of the force away from its enthesis. It helps in dual action of biceps brachii as supinator and flexor of forearm. The aim of the present work was to study the morphology of BA. Thirty cadavericupper limbs (16 right and 14 left side limbs) were dissected and dimensions ofthe ...

Various anomalies of the flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) and flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscles of the little finger have been reported in the literature. These include many variations of the FDS and FDP, such as absence of the little finger FDS tendon, aplasia of the FDP to the little finger, an accessory FDS to the little finger, doubling of the tendon, attachments to other superfi...

What are the causes of fl exor tendon injuries? Flexor tendon injuries are most commonly caused by a sharp cut to the fi nger or palm. Rupture of the attachment of the tendon to the fi nger can also occur and is commonly associated with recreational sports (such as tackling in football when the tackler’s fi nger becomes entangled in the opponent’s jersey). Flexor tendon injuries can also occur ...

Energy storing tendons, such as the human Achilles and equine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT), are highly prone to injury, the incidence of which increases with ageing. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that result in increased injury in aged tendons are not well established, but are thought to result in altered matrix turnover. However, little attempt has been made to fully charac...

Background. Chronic Achilles tendon rupture is usually misdiagnosed and treated improperly. This study aims to better understand the treatment of chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Methods. Patients who were not able to perform a single-limb heel rise were chosen. Pre- and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were conducted. By evaluating the presence or absence of Achilles tendon stump...

A 61-year-old woman presented with mild pain and swelling on the volar aspect of the wrist, hand, and little finger. Radiography showed a soft-tissue mass shadow, and magnetic resonance imaging showed acute tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons and an inflammatory mass inside the carpal tunnel. Laboratory test results were normal, except for an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (40 mm/h). T...

Basic science and clinical investigation have advanced significantly the treatment and the outcome following intrasynovial flexor tendon repair and rehabilitation and reconstruction over the past 30 years. The application of modern multistrand suture repair techniques as well as postoperative rehabilitation protocols emphasizing the application of intrasynovial repair site excursion has led to ...

The intrasynovial flexor tendons of the hand are critical for normal hand function. Injury to these tendons can result in absent finger flexion, and a subsequent loss of overall hand function. The surgical techniques used to repair these tendons have improved in the past few decades, as have the postoperative rehabilitation protocols. In spite of these advances, intrasynovial flexor tendon repa...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the advantages of an early active motion rehabilitation protocol after flexor tendon repair of the hand with the Teno Fix system. Patients with Zone II flexor tendon lacerations repaired with the Teno Fix system will undergo a rigorous early active motion protocol developed at the New York Orthopedic Hospital, starting post-op day 3. Each patient will be...