The pressure variations associated with a filling undulating pipeline containing an entrapped air pocket are investigated both experimentally and numerically. The influence of entrapped air on abnormal transient pressures is often ambiguous because the compressibility of the air pocket permits the liquid flow to accelerate but also partly cushions the system, with the balance of these tendencie...

unglazed transpired solar collectors are widely used for heating outside air directly, these days. pre-heating ventilation air for large spaces and heating air for crop drying, are some of the applications of these kinds of collectors. the outside air is drawn straight from ambient, uniformly through the whole surface of a perforated absorber (transpired, dark-colored plate) exposed to the sun....

The most important reason for the design of curved tubes is increasing the heat transfer between the fluid and the wall which has provided many applications in various industries such as air conditioning, micro-electric, heat exchangers and etc. The aim of this study is numerical investigation of nano fluids flow in spiral tubes with injection of base fluid in different Reynolds numbers. Accord...

AIM To demonstrate the influence of intraocular fluid-air exchange on retinal ganglion cell activity. METHODS In two cats lensectomy and vitrectomy were performed in a two-step approach 2 weeks prior to recording experiments. To measure retinal activity, up to two fiber microelectrodes were inserted via a scleral port. Precise micromanipulator positioning of the electrodes' tips onto the inne...

Right and left ventricular (RV/LV) diastolic filling involves rapidly changing flow in a chamber with geometry undergoing temporal changes in size and shape; the right ventricle is the most challenging to model analytically, looking triangular when viewed from the front, and having irregular crescent-shaped transverse cross-sections. Accordingly, diastolic fluid dynamics in health and disease a...

A compact fiber polarizer is demonstrated by the filling of selected air holes of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a liquid. The liquid-filling results in an asymmetric waveguide structure, leading to a large polarization dependent loss. A 6 mm long ethanol-filled PCF exhibits a polarization extinction ratio of ∼18 dB over a wavelength range from 1480 nm to 1600 nm.