Spinal ependymoma occupies 40-60% of primary spinal cord tumors and has a feature of intramedullary tumor. The tumor most commonly arises from the central canal of the spinal cord, the conus medullaris or the filum terminale and its pathological features are usually benign. Unlike above characteristics, intra and extramedullary ependymomas are reported very rarely and have wide variety of histo...

Symptoms often develop in patients due to an osseous septum dividing the spinal cord into two lateral halves [10]. Patients with “split cord malformation” (SCM) may have tethering from multiple causes such as myelomeningocele, intradural lipoma or fatty filum, associated with their congenital anomaly [11]. It is critical to consider the significance of the association between SCMs and other spi...

BACKGROUND Synchronous spinal intradural ependymal cysts and sacral Tarlov cysts in adult onset tethered cord syndrome are extremely rare. CASE DESCRIPTION A 23-year-old male presented with back pain radiating into both lower extremities, accompanied by acute onset of gait difficulty and sphincter dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging identified a low lying conus medullaris, syringomyelia w...

ANATOMY The spinal cord tapers to its end, the conus medullaris, usually at the lower edge of the first lumbar vertebra. The continuation of the spinal cord is a strand of connective tissue, the filum terminale. The ventral and dorsal lumbar and sacral nerve roots that arise from the conus medullaris form a bundle, the cauda equina (Figure 1). These lumbar and sacral spinal nerve roots separate...

A 4.5 year-old girl presented with abdominal distention, failure to thrive, visual and hearing loss. In her medical history there was meningitis in the neonatal period, convulsions, enlargement of her head, nistagmus and exophtalmus at the tenth month. When she was 15 month-old, she had ventriculoperitoneal shunt and surgical transection of the filum terminale due to tethered cord. When she was...

An exceptional case of a recurrent intracranial ependymoma of myxopapillary type arising from the lateral ventricle is reported in a 37-year-old man. This distinctive morphological variant of ependymoma is virtually restricted to the region of cauda equina and filum terminale or occasionally to pre- or post-sacral soft tissue. The intracranial cases of myxopapillary ependymoma are extremely rar...