1 Motivation and Scenario Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) involving actuation are increasingly envisioned in a range of fields [1]. Among these, there is considerable interest in leveraging off WSNs to improve safety in road tunnels [4]. Researchers are envisioning tunnels equipped with WSN nodes that gather physical readings such as temperature and light, monitor the structural integrity of th...

Many cables are placed in the underground utility tunnel, which with greater fire hazards. Once occurs an enclosed thermal radiation may ignite adjacent cables, will cause cable and further expanding of scale, oxygen be consumed over time. Thus, it's important to investigate under low concentration. In this paper, a experiment has carried out reduced-scale tunnel different heights linear near s...

Communication and inter-organizational coordination in crisis management are of uttermost important for all processes and can lead to fast and effective averting or ending of a crisis situation. In this paper, a real world incident of a fire in the Amsterdam Airport Schiphol train tunnel was formalised, based on a public inquiry report, and subsequently, the emergency response to the incident w...

Temperature and cooling methods strongly affect the stability of tunnels drilled in rock masses so condition interventions for fire emergencies. Samples from two horizontal boreholes Prada limestone during design stage Tres Ponts Tunnel Catalan south Pyrenean zone (Spain) are heated 105 to 600 °C, subsequently cooled with air or water simulate extinguishing interventions. Changes chemical compo...

Anatomical and behavioral studies, and in vivo and slice electrophysiology of the hippocampus suggest specific functions of the dentate gyrus (DG) and the CA3 subregions, but the underlying activity dynamics and repeatability of information processing remains poorly understood. To approach this problem, we engineered separate living networks of the DG and CA3 neurons that develop connections th...

Fire smoke decontamination equipment, such as fire-fighting robots and exhaust robots, is mainly used in long narrow spaces underground garages. In several recent decades, the study of fire spread equipment stimulated interests many researchers. However, present cannot eliminate insoluble toxic gases CO may decrease height layer, causing great difficulty to rescue. this study, a novel mobile pr...

This study investigates the impact of fire on cracking behavior immersed tunnels. A reduced-scale (1:5) model an tunnel was constructed to conduct tests in both traffic tubes using HCinc curve as applied fire. Temperature field changes were carefully monitored during test by thermocouples and infrared thermography outer surface tunnel’s ceiling. The continuous temperature concrete cracks record...

Guided by the technical requirements for tunnel fire safety, an overview of piston wind, combustion models, and full-size small tests is presented. Firstly, theoretical model numerical calculation methods wind fires are presented from perspective simulation. Then, full-scale small-scale test models presented, advantages disadvantages single-row, multi-row, single-fire source, multi-fire source ...

Smoke layer interface height is an important parameter in fire safety science. In this paper, two methods are proposed on the basis of integral ratio method and least squares method. a series experiments were conducted 1:10 scale model tunnel for determining smoke fire. The determined by new have been compared with other existing approaches, including method, N-percentage rule. comparison resul...