This paper investigates the extent to which in utero exposure temperature shocks affects birth weight outcomes Vietnam. Exploiting variations across districts and conception timing within districts, we show that a one standard deviation increase relative local norm (approximately 0.52°C) during first trimester of pregnancy reduces child's at by 67 g or 2.2 percent. Our heterogeneity analysis su...

BACKGROUND BCG immunogenicity in infants differs between populations and these differences have been attributed to various factors. In this study, the influence of geographical location, season of birth, timing of vaccination, micronutrient status (zinc) and inflammatory status (C-reactive protein, CRP) were assessed. METHODS Immunogenicity was assessed by cytokine signature in culture supern...

How exponentially growing cells maintain size homeostasis is an important fundamental problem. Recent single-cell studies in prokaryotes have uncovered the adder principle, where cells add a fixed size (volume) from birth to division, irrespective of their size at birth. To mechanistically explain the adder principle, we consider a timekeeper protein that begins to get stochastically expressed ...

BACKGROUND Antenatal care can play an important role in the prevention of preterm birth. Evaluation of antenatal care is usually based on the number of visits rather than the content of care, using tools such as the Adequacy of Prenatal Care Use index. This article presents an analysis of the relation between specific elements of antenatal care and the risk of preterm birth compared with consid...

OBJECTIVE To define the range of neonatal weight loss in a population relative to feeding method. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. SETTING Maternity service providing geographically defined, community based newborn follow up. PARTICIPANTS 971 consecutive term newborns of birth weight > or = 2500 g during the first 2-3 weeks of life; 34 excluded (inadequate data). 937 include...

the main objective of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters for multi-trait evaluation of birth weight (bw), gestation length (gl) and calving difficulty (cd) in first-parity iranian holstein dairy cattle. the data included 29,950 calving records collected during 1995 to 2014 by the animal breeding and improvement center of iran. a threshold-linear sire-maternal grandsire model was ...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between birth characteristics based on birth weight for gestational age, timing of menarche and adult height in girls born small for gestational age (SGA). METHODS Thirty subjects born from 1988 through 1999 whose birth weight below 10th percentile for their gestational ages were recruited based on hospital chart reviews. The age o...

Although preterm delivery is a major global health issue, its causes and underlying mechanism remain elusive. Using mutant mice, mimicking aspects of human preterm birth, we show here that uterine decidual senescence early in pregnancy via heightened mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is a significant contributor of preterm birth and fetal death, and that these adverse p...

BACKGROUND Natural disasters increase the level population stress, including pregnant women, who can experience prenatal maternal stress, affecting the fetus and triggering perinatal complications, such as low birth weight, smaller head circumference, etc. However, little is known about effects of earthquake on perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of earthquake occurred on Feb...

The U.S. wage structure experienced substantial changes due to energy price shocks, increased international competition, and technological change. Katz and Murphy (1992) among others have argued that these changes reflected a rise in demand for more skilled workers and also females. In this paper I use these types of relative wage changes to identify the effects of women’s wages and husbands’ e...