Recirculating aquaculture systems are designed to raise large quantities of fish in relatively small volumes of water by treating the water to remove toxic waste products and then reusing it. In the process of reusing the water many times, non-toxic nutrients and organic matter accumulate. These metabolic byproducts need not be wasted if they are channeled into secondary crops that have economi...

Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus fed a commercial diet and reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic. Methods The treatment was the frequency of probiotic application into the cultured system, namely, 5-day interval, 10-day interval, and 15-day interval for 60 days of experi...

1. Plaice caught by trawl net and plaice exercised in laboratory tanks all show high levels of lactic acid (33--44 mmol/kg) in the anaerobic swimming muscle. During exhausting exercise 2 moles of lactate are formed from 1 mole of glycogen glucose. After an 8 h rest 50--80% of the muscle glycogen is restored. 2. Blood lactate levels remain low (0.5--2 mmol/l) in the majority of plaice caught by ...

Background The objective of the present study was to evaluate the growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish fed a commercial diet and Clarias gariepinus reared in the biofloc system enhanced with probiotic. Methods The treatment was the frequency of probiotic application into the cultured system, namely, 5-day interval, 10-day interval, and 15-day interval for 60 days of experi...

Background: Copper is a trace element vital to life, but the toxic effect of water pollution with it on fish is now exhibited. Fish blood is susceptible to contamination-induced stress and its alternation due to the hematological and immunological parameters can be utilized as toxicity indices of xenobiotics. Methods: In this study, juvenile species of silver carp with average weight of 200gr...

Opportunist acid-fast bacilli sometimes cause progressive indolent infections of the skin, producing nodules, granulomatous lesions, abscesses, or ulcers. Some of these mycobacteria prefer temperatures lower than 370C for growth, and minor trauma or devitalized tissue probably aid their entry and establishment. One such organism, Mycobacterium marinum (balnei), was identified as the cause of ep...

Fish consumption is a potential route of human exposure to the hepatotoxic microcystins, especially in lakes and reservoirs that routinely experience significant toxic Microcystis blooms. Understanding the rates of uptake and elimination for microcystins as well as the transfer efficiency into tissues of consumers are important for determining the potential for microcystins to be transferred up...

Lithium is a therapeutic agent widely used in the treatment of some psychiatric disorders. The aim this study was to investigate effects lithium-induced oxidative stress liver tissue. In study, Carassius auratus fish as model organism and total 20 control 28 experimental fishes were divided 4 subgroups randomly. chloride at concentration 50 mg/L added glass tank group. Fish placed two separate ...

Neutrophils are typically the first responders in host defense against invading pathogens, which they destroy by both oxidative and nonoxidative mechanisms. However, despite a longstanding recognition of neutrophil presence at disease sites in tuberculosis, their role in defense against mycobacteria is unclear. Here we exploit the genetic tractability and optical transparency of zebrafish to mo...

The present study aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment had significant effects on rainbow trout's welfare through nature-, functions- and feeling-based approaches. Fish group behavior was analyzed during the rearing phase, as well growth performance health status. We assessed individual's emotional reactivity a novel-tank test by measuring fear-related behaviors stress-related ...