Cybersecurity competitions are getting more attention as a prominent approach of computer security education in the past years. It is vital to look into better ways to engage beginners in the competitions to improve computer security education. This work collected and analyzed the solutions of about 3600 Capture The Flag (CTF) challenges from 160 security competitions in the past three years. T...

The objective of this work is to develop an automatic method for estimating glottal opening instants (GOIs) using Hilbert envelope (HE). The GOIs are secondary major excitations after glottal closure instants (GCIs) during the production of voiced speech. The HE is defined as the magnitude of complex time function (CTF) of a given signal. The unipolar property of HE is exploited for picking the...

For many ligands of the TNF family, trimer stability and oligomerization status are crucial determinants of receptor activation. However, for the immunostimulatory ligands CD27L, CD40L, 41BBL, and glucocorticoid-induced TNF receptor ligand (GITRL) detailed information regarding these requirements is lacking. Here, we comprehensively evaluated the effect of trimer stability and oligomerization o...

We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and quantitative 96-well microplate-based nonradioactive immunoprecipitation/kinase assay to evaluate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity. Three quantitative nonradioactive imunoprecipitation/kinase assays of MAPK were demonstrated on a 96-well microplate coated with ANTI-FLAG M2 antibody (ANTI-FLAG M2 plate): (i) the capture of phosphorylated ...

Status of This Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document specifies a method for encapsulating and transmitting IPv4/IPv6 packets over the Semaphore Flag Signal System (SFSS).

Capture The Flag (CTF) competitions have been used in the computer security community for education and evaluation objectives for over a decade. These competitions are often regarded as excellent approaches to learn deeply technical concepts in a fun, non-traditional learning environment, but there are many difficulties associated with developing and competing in a CTF event that are rarely dis...

Using the visual search method, we show that stimuli that contain curvature discontinuities (i.e., points where the second derivative along an image contour is not defined) are easily found among stimuli containing only smooth changes in curvature. Curved stimuli that lack curvature discontinuities, however, are difficult to find among distractors that have them. These results suggest that the ...

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) VP1 G-H loop contains the major antigenic site. By replacing the sequence upstream of the RGD motif with a FLAG epitope, a marker virus for pathogenesis studies was generated. In cell culture, the recombinant virus containing FLAG (A24-FLAG) exhibited similar plaque phenotypes and growth kinetics to parental virus. A24-FLAG was distinguished, neutralized, and...