Slope is among the most influencing factor affecting the spread of wildfires. A contribution to the understanding of the fluid dynamics of a fire spreading in these terrain conditions is provided in thepresent paper. Coupled optical diagnostics are used to study the slope effects on the flow induced by a fire at laboratory scale. Optical diagnostics consist of Particle Image Velocimetry, for in...

The flame stability limit, which was involving the critical flow condition, lift off and blow out, could be affected by the burner geometry in the combustion system installation. Consequently a flame holder should be put in, to hold the flame as big as possible on a stable condition. The flame holder itself, is a device to hold the flame, whereas the flame holder could disturb the air and fuel ...

The need to control exhaust emissions from stationary power sources is dictated by environmental regulations that limit the amount of smoke (particulates), sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and oxides of nitrogen or NOx that can be exhausted into the atmosphere. In areas where atmospheric pollution is a serious concern, as in the Los Angeles basin, very low emission levels are dema...

Using a beam-gas arrangement, we have obtained the chemiluminescence spectra of alkali-halogen reactions at pressures less than I mtorr. The spectra in general are characterized by a broad molecular feature on which are superimposed sharp atomic alkali transitions. Under higher resolution (better than 5 A) the molecular feature consists of a single progression of regularly spaced peaks extendin...

The four processes involved in the flammability of materials are described and related to the various flame retardance mechanisms that may operate. Following this the four practical approaches used in improving flame retardance of materials are described. Each approach is illustrated with a number of typical examples of flame retardants or synthetic procedures used. This overview of flammabilit...

Extinction limits and flame bifurcation of lean premixed dimethyl ether-air flames are investigated numerically using the counterflow flame with a reduced chemistry. Emphasis is paid to the combined effect of radiation and flame stretch on the extinction and flammability limits. A method based on the reaction front is presented to predict the Markstein length. The predicted positive Markstein l...

A well-defined plasma assisted combustion system with novel in situ discharge in a counterflow diffusion flame was developed to study the direct coupling kinetic effect of non-equilibrium plasma on flame ignition and extinction. A uniform discharge was generated between the burner nozzles by placing porous metal electrodes at the nozzle exits. The ignition and extinction characteristics of CH4/...

Lean fueling of spark ignited (SI) engines is a valid method for increasing efficiency and reducing nitric oxide (NOx) emissions. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) allows better fuel economy with respect to the port-fuel injection configuration, through greater flexibility to load changes, reduced tendency to abnormal combustion, and reduction of pumping and heat losses. During homogenous charge ...

A method of video flame detection based on multi-feature fusion is presented in this paper. Physical characteristics of flame, including color clues, flame movement and flame flicker are incorporated into the scheme to detect fires in color video frames. Firstly, mean filtering was used to smooth the video frames and a flame color filtering algorithm was adopted to extract flame candidate regio...

Smoke from domestic wood burning has been identified as a major contributor to air pollution, motivating detailed emission measurements under controlled conditions. A series of experiments was performed to characterise the emissions from wood combustion in a fireplace and in a woodstove of two common species of trees grown in Spain: Pyrenean oak (Quercus pyrenaica) and black poplar (Populus nig...