this study was conducted in split plot design based on a randomized complete block design in naghadeh region, urmia, iran in 2009-10. two sowing patterns including a1) single row planting with 50 cm between-row spacing, and a2) two rows planting on the hill with 40 cm distance and 50 cm between-row spacing (40×50) were allocated to main plots and four furrow compactions including b1) control, b...

Temper rolling or skin pass rolling is one of cold rolling processes composed of a horizontal pass cold rolling mill stand. In this process, the thick strip is subjected to very light reduction (0.5–4%) in thickness in the presence of high friction amplitudes. One of the basic parameters of strip rolling processes is temper rolling force. A new rolling force model has been proposed for temper r...

We use baryon acoustic peak measurements by Eisenstein et al. (2005) and Percival et al. (2007a), together with the WMAP measurement of the apparent acoustic horizon angle, and galaxy cluster gas mass fraction measurements of Allen et al. (2008), to constrain a slowly rolling scalar field dark energy model, φCDM, in which dark energy’s energy density changes in time. We also compare our φCDM re...

We construct non-linear inflaton potential energy densities that describe not-necessarily very-slowly-rolling closed and open inflation models, compute tilted primordial spatial inhomogeneity power spectra follow from quantum mechanical fluctuations during in these models. Earlier non-flat model computations assumed an density with a linear slope resulted very-slow-roll untilted spectra. These ...

In this study, the effect of cold rolling process on the microstructure and texture evolution in 1wt. % Si non-oriented electrical steel was investigated. For this purpose, all samples were processed through single-stage hot rolling at 1100 ° C and two-stage cold rolling (cross rolling and unidirectional rolling) with intermediate annealing at 650 °C for 35 seconds. Finally, all of them were fu...