Considering one of the most popular examples of flat system, namely the two dimensional crane, this paper shows how bicausality can be used in order to analyse its bond graph model as far as flatness is concerned. More generally, it will be seen how applying this concept both allows verifying the flatness property of a system and deriving the open-loop control laws that result from it in a syst...

A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the accuracy of a diode detector array in measuring flatness and symmetry of x-ray and electron energies, and the ability to determine change in beam energy. The results show the diode detector array accurately measures flatness and symmetry and can accurately measure or detect change in beam energy. The evaluation also demonstrates the utility of us...

We provide an enhancement of Shipley's algebraicization theorem which behaves better in the context commutative algebras. This involves defining flat model structures as Shipley and Pavlov-Scholbach, showing that functors still Quillen equivalences this refined context. The use allows one to identify algebraic counterparts change groups functors, demonstrated forthcoming work author.