The effective piezoelectric properties of heterogeneous materials are evaluated in the context periodic homogenization, whereby a variational formulation is developed, articulated with extended Hill macrohomogeneity condition. entire set homogenized moduli obtained as volumetric averages microscopic individual constituents weighted by displacement and polarization localization operators. This f...

We review recent progress in the development of high birefringence (Δn ≥ 0.12) negative dielectric anisotropy (Δε < 0) liquid crystals (LCs) for direct-view and projection displays. For mobile displays, our UCF-N2 (low viscosity, negative Δε, high Δn) based homogeneous alignment fringe-field switching (called n-FFS) mode exhibits superior performance to p-FFS in transmittance, single gamma curv...

Stress-induced changes in the imprint and switching behavior of ~111!-oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ~PZT!-based capacitors have been studied using piezoresponse force microscopy. Visualization of polarization distribution and d33-loop measurements in individual 131.5-mm 2 capacitors before and after stress application, generated by substrate bending, provided direct experimental evidence of stress-induc...

A finite element model is proposed permitting prediction of elastic wave bandgaps periodic composite microplates incorporating flexoelectric effect. In this model, we applied curvature-based flexoelectricity and Mindlin plate theories derived a formulation that has been implemented for bandgap analysis. The utilizes three-node triangle with 30 degrees freedom satisfying kinematics assumptions. ...

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