Coinciding with major changes to its municipal water system, Flint, MI, endured Legionnaires' disease outbreaks in 2014 and 2015. By sampling premise plumbing in Flint in the fall of 2016, we found that 12% of homes harbored legionellae, a frequency similar to that in residences in neighboring areas. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Legionella pneumophila in Southeast Michigan, we determine...

The relationship between hunter-gatherer group mobility and lithic raw material procurement strategies is central to the study of Neanderthal productive behaviours. In this framework, determination flint sources through lithological analysis key infer patterns. El Salt rockshelter (Alcoi, Alacant, eastern Iberia) features different nearby sources, including primary outcrops secondary deposits c...

In the second half of the last century, the American dent hybrids began to be widely grown, leading to the disappearance or marginalization of the less productive traditional varieties. Nowadays the characterization of traditional landraces can help breeders to discover precious alleles that could be useful for modern genetic improvement and allow a correct conservation of these open pollinated...

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a host to numerous pathogenic species that impose serious diseases to its ear and foliage, negatively affecting the yield and the quality of the maize crop. A considerable amount of research has been carried out to elucidate mechanisms of maize-pathogen interactions with a major goal to identify defense-associated proteins. In this review, we summarize interactions of mai...

Knowledge of relatedness among maize elite breeding genotypes is useful in planning crosses for hybrid and inbred line improvement assigning them into heterotic groups. This study investigated phenotypic genetic similarities or diversities between 7 flint lines (of common origin) adapted to the early growing regions created at ARDS Turda-Romania. They were studied per se traits two crossing sys...

The earliest industrial monuments in Britain are the Neolithic flint mines, dating to around 4000 bce . These mining shafts, which tunnel deep into chalk geologies, evidence extremes that ancient Britons were willing resort order obtain valuable raw materials. Numerous scholars, marvelling at excavation processes and hand tools used aid extraction of flint, have studied flint-mining industry. R...