A spatial probability distribution of the variables in a parametric snow depletion curve (SDC) is tailored to the assimilation of satellite snow cover data into a gridded hydrological model. The assimilation is based on Bayes’ theorem, in which the proposed distribution represents the a priori information about the SDC variables. From the prior 5 gridded maps of snow storage and accumulated mel...

Nowadays, one of the most significant problems is that to recognize how severity heavy precipitation and floods may alter in future time comparison with current period. The purpose this research understand impact climate change on storm water probability maximum flood for Zayandeh rud river basin Iran selected as a case study. Forecast climatic parameters based temperature upcoming period (2006...

Snow aging causes reflectance to vary significantly on timescales of days. This variability influences the strength of snow-albedo feedback, and can affect the timing of snowmelt. However, climate models have yet to incorporate important controls on snow aging and albedo evolution. We develop a physically-based model that predicts evolution of dry, pure-snow specific surface area, and apply asp...

Physically based model of the hydrological cycle of a forest basin was developed. The model includes description of processes of liquid water and snow interception by forest canopy, snow accumulation and melt, vertical soil moisture transfer and evapotranspiration, overland, subsurface and channel flow. The case-study has been carried out on the basis of experimental observations on the Valday ...

Cryophilic algae thrive in liquid water within snow and ice in alpine and polar regions worldwide. Blooms of these algae lower albedo (reflection of sunlight), thereby altering melting patterns (Kohshima, Seko & Yoshimura, 1993; Lutz et al., 2014; Thomas & Duval, 1995). Here metagenomic DNA analysis and satellite imaging were used to investigate red snow in Franz Josef Land in the Russian Arcti...

A radiation model is constructed that includes radiative interactions with atmospheric gases, as well as parameterized treatments of scattering and absorption/emission by cloud droplets and haze particles. A unified treatment of solar and terrestrial radiation is obtained by using identical cloud and haze parameterization procedure for the shortwave and longwave region. The influence of the rel...