Tanytrachelos ahynis (n.gen., n. sp.) is a lepidosaur from the Late Triassic Dan River Group (Newark Supergroup) of North Carolina and Virginia. The new reptile has gracile proportions similar to Tanystropheus (Middle Triassic) and is referred to the family Tanystropheidae of the suborder Prolacertiformes. Unlike Tanystropheus, Tanytrachelos has relatively short cervical vertebrae bearing splin...

Now a day, riverine system is becoming under pressure due to antibodies interference which highly affect the fauna and flora biodiversity, and economic activities. These antibodies have significantly increased the antibodies resistant microbes present in the aquatic environment which act as reservoirs including rivers, sewage, ocean water and drinking water. Bacterial resistance is the superb e...

Ecotourists have high potentials to spread ecological awareness, while they maintain quality tourism and learn how to respect and preserve the natural environment. Knowledge is an important prerequisite to predict future attitudes and connect tourists with nature. Ecotourism focuses on areas with rare flora and fauna. Lesvos Island hosts rare species which attract numbers of bird watchers yearl...

Lichens are used as effective monitors to detect low-level air pollution which may affect different flora and fauna communities. Epiphytic lichens have been widely recognized as effective eco-friendly bio-monitors for detection of metal deposition on trees, rocks and bare ground. This article is concerned with the use of lichens in bio-monitoring of air pollution, how the lichens do recognize a...

The abiotic and biotic gradients on mountains have enormous potential to improve our understanding of species distributions, species richness patterns and conservation. Here we describe how abiotic factors change with elevation, how flora and fauna respond to these changes and how elevational species richness patterns have been studied to uncover drivers of biodiversity. There are four main tre...

Food has to be extracted from the natural environment of land, water, climate, flora, fauna, solar energy, fossil fuels, and other natural resources needed for the production of crops, livestock, and the like essential for adequate diets. These requisites for food production must be provided by the Earth’s materially closed, finite, and nongrowing ecosystem with a limited throughput of solar en...

Until 1979, European salt marshes were known only through the inventories of fauna and especially of flora. On such criteria, the salt marshes of the Mont-Saint-Michel bay (France) were regarded as most significant of the French coasts. However, it took 20 years of research on the role of these wetlands of the estuaries-salt marsh systems to highlight the ecological, social and economic interes...