The treatment of the yeast industry wastewater was investigated by nanofiltration (NF) membrane process on a pilot scale. Two wastewaters were used as feed: (i) dilute wastewater with COD 2000 mg/L and (ii) concentrate wastewater with COD 8000 mg/L. The permeate flux, COD retention, color and electrical conductivity (EC) removal were evaluated in relation to trans-membrane pressure and long-ter...

The effects of beta-1,3-oligosaccharide elicitor on the metabolism of phenylpropanoids in potato tuber were analyzed quantitatively, by monitoring the time-dependent changes in the levels of seven compounds. The elicitor treatment caused an increase in the pool size of octopamine and tyramine amides (N-p-coumaroyloctopamine, N-feruloyloctopamine, N-p-coumaroyltyramine and N-feruloyltyramine), a...

Coagulation, magnetic ion exchange resin (MIEX) and biological activated carbon (BAC) were examined at lab scale as standalone, and sequential pre-treatments for controlling the organic fouling of a microfiltration membrane by biologically treated secondary effluent (BTSE) using a multi-cycle approach. MIEX gave slightly greater enhancement in flux than coagulation due to greater removal of hig...

Stator flux oriented vector control of induction motor (IM) drives for speed sensorless control has several advantages. But the application of a pure integrator for the flux estimation is difficult due to the presence of measurement noise and dc offset. To overcome these problems, some have used a programmable cascaded low pass filter (PCLPF). In this paper, it is shown that some problems still...

Over the last ten years, robustness of schemes has raised an increasing interest among the CFD community. The objective of this article is to solve the quasi-one-dimensional compressible flow inside a “Shubin nozzle” and to investigate Bean-Warming and flux vector splitting methods for numerical solution of compressible flows. Two different conditions have been considered: first, there is a sup...

Axial field flux switching motor with sandwiched permanent magnet (AFFSSPM) is a novel of flux switching motor. Based on the vector control method, the mathematical model of the AFFSSPM is derived and the operating performance of the AFFSSPM in the overall operating region is investigated.A novel control method for the AFFSSPM drive system, including the id =0, maximum torque per ampere, consta...

Protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), the excessive loss of plasma proteins through the intestine, often correlates with the episodic loss of heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (HSPG) from the basolateral surface of intestinal epithelial cells. PLE onset is often associated with a proinflammatory state. We investigated whether loss of HS or treatment with the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha dire...

Flux and flux-ratio equations are derived on the basis of the phenomenological equations of irreversible thermodynamics. Deviations of flux-ratios from that given by the often quoted Ussing (1949) relation are predicted, even in the absence of active transport, by considering the dependence of coupled fluxes on the membrane potential. The treatment is extended to include the interpretation of f...