BACKGROUND Pregnancy is presumed to be a major contributory factor in the increased incidence of varicose veins in women, which can in turn lead to venous insufficiency and leg oedema. The most common symptom of varicose veins and oedema is the substantial pain experienced, as well as night cramps, numbness, tingling, the legs may feel heavy, achy, and possibly be unsightly. Treatments for vari...

Comparing the Effect of Reflexology and Effleurage Massages on Fatigue Insomnia in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

background : dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain is one of the most common disorders experienced by 50% of women in their reproductive age. adverse effects of medical treatments and its failure rate of 20-25% have caused many women to seek other complementary and alternative treatment methods for primary dysmenorrhea. hence, this study aimed to compare and determine the efficacy of reflexology and i...