The decision of whether to divorce a breeding partner between reproductive attempts can significantly affect individual fitness. In this paper, we report that 63% of surviving pairs of long-tailed tits Aegithalos caudatus divorced between years. We examine three likely explanations for the high divorce rate in this cooperative breeder. The 'better option' hypothesis predicts that divorce and re...

The carrying capacity of an environment is determined partly by how individuals compete over the available resources. To territorial animals, space is an important resource, leading to conflict over its use. We build a model where the carrying capacity for an organism in a given environment results from the evolution of territorial defense effort and the consequent space use. The same evolution...

This article examines the role of English language in world space, its importance for global communication era globalization. The issues emergence and development concept “language special purposes” are described. Various approaches to definition analyzed, scope place modern linguistics clarified.

The possibility of improving the rate of reproduction in beef cattle by selection for an increased rate of twinning has been debated with both pessimism and optimism since the early days of animal breeding. The success of selection for multiple births in sheep lifted hopes that a similar program for cattle would also be successful. Pearl (1912) wrote, “From the standpoint of practical breeder i...

The objectives of this work have been to develop methods for extracting quantitative information from the Reflection High Energy Electron Diffraction (RHEED) pattern about the surface structure of nearly perfect crystals prepared by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and to use these techniques to explore in detail the growth of homo~and heteroepitaxial structures involving GaAs, AlAs, InAs, and rela...