Equations are set up to calculate the observed standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP (namely, AGobs, the quantity evaluated on the basis of total ATP, ADP, and orthophosphate concentrations at equilibrium, irrespective of the state of ionization or complex formation, or both) as a function of pH and Mg2+ ion concentration. The variation of AGobs is analyzed in terms of AG, the s...

The binding of low-molecular-weight heparin to an amino-terminal-truncated, 132-amino-acid, human acidic fibroblast growth factor form has been studied by isothermal titration calorimetry. This technique yields values for the enthalpy change and equilibrium constant, from which the Gibbs energy and entropy change are also calculated. Experiments in different buffers and pH values show that the ...

The three key players in the exocytotic release of neurotransmitters from synaptic vesicles are the SNARE (soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor) proteins synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25. Their assembly into a tight four-helix bundle complex is thought to pull the two membranes into close proximity. It is debated, however, whether the energy generated s...

Equations are set up to calculate the observed standard free energy change for the hydrolysis of ATP (namely, AGobs, the quantity evaluated on the basis of total ATP, ADP, and orthophosphate concentrations at equilibrium, irrespective of the state of ionization or complex formation, or both) as a function of pH and Mg2+ ion concentration. The variation of AGobs is analyzed in terms of AG, the s...

the effect of temperature on the adsorption of heavy metals on not only natural bulk clay, but also for the individual phases that composed the bulk clay sample, was investigated. combined adsorption- sequential extraction analysis (casa) for pb, cu, zn and cd were conducted under various temperatures that ranged from 150c to 550c. as a result, it was found that heavy metals adsorption for bulk...

The reaction mechanisms by which antioxidants can exert their activity are: hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), proton coupled electron transfer (PCET), sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET), single electron transfer proton transfer (SET-PT), radical adduct formation, and sequential proton loss hydrogen atom transfer. The antioxidative activity of different compounds (flavones, flavonols, ...

A new method for the estimation of properties of pure organic compounds is presented. Estimation is performed at three levels. The primary level uses contributions from simple groups that allow describing a wide variety of organic compounds while the higher levels involves polyfunctional and structural groups that provide more information about molecular fragments whose description through firs...