Crude refinery preheat trains (PHTs) are a major part of a refining process as these units reduce the amount of thermal energy required to heat the crude oil to its distillation temperature. Fouling is a longstanding problem in the operation of PHTs; the ability of a refinery to process different crude blends or to increase its production capacity depends on the thermal and hydraulic performanc...

Membrane fouling is the bottleneck that restricts the sustainability of membrane technology for environmental applications. Therefore, the development of novel analytical tools for characterizing membrane fouling processes is essential. In this work, we demonstrate a capability of probing the chemical structure of foulants and detecting their 3-dimentional spatial distribution on membranes base...

trolling marine fouling on ships’ hulls has been considered essential since the earliest days of marine transport. It has been estimated that without any attempt to control fouling, shipping would require 40% more power, equal to about 72 million tonnes of additional fuel per year.1 Therefore, without an effective antifouling system, today’s marine transport industry would undoubtedly grind to ...

Vessel traffic is the primary pathway for non-indigenous marine species introductions to New Zealand, with hull fouling recognised as being an important mechanism. This article describes hull fouling on seven slow-moving commercial vessels sampled over a 1 year period. Sampling involved the collection of images and fouling specimens from different hull locations using a standardised protocol de...

Biofouling of ship’s internal seawater systems can have serious implications for performance, continuing operational capability and crew habitability. Internal seawater piping systems and intakes are prone to heavy fouling pressure due to the relative inaccessibility and complexity of these systems. Fouling control in internal systems is optimally maintained by the installation and operation of...

A filtration devise was developed to assess compressibility of fouling layers in membrane bioreactors. The system consists of a flat sheet membrane with air scouring operated at constant transmembrane pressure to assess the influence of pressure on resistance of fouling layers. By fitting a mathematical model, three model parameters were obtained; a back transport parameter describing the kinet...

Fouling behavior along the length of membrane module was systematically investigated by performing simple modeling and lab-scale experiments of forward osmosis (FO) membrane process. The flux distribution model developed in this study showed a good agreement with experimental results, validating the robustness of the model. This model demonstrated, as expected, that the permeate flux decreased ...

* Current address: Fonterra Co-operative Group Ltd, Private Bag 11029, Palmerston North, New Zealand Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fouling of heat exchangers in the dairy industry has been investigated extensively and a large number of studies are reported in literature. This review focuses on the mechanisms of milk fouling, detailing the role of protein denaturation and aggregation...

A laboratory-scale submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (SAnMBR) treating sewage was used to investigate the membrane fouling mechanism. Characterization of cake layer formed on membrane surface showed that cake layer was hydrated, rich of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and negative charged with the charge density of 0.21-0.46 meq/kg MLSS. Detailed analysis revealed a new membrane ...

Since fouling-release coating systems do not prevent settlement, various methods to quantify the tenacity of adhesion of fouling organisms on these systems have been offered. One such method is the turbulent channel flow apparatus. The question remains how the results from laboratory scale tests relate to the self-cleaning of a ship coated with a fouling-release surface. This paper relates the ...