Value literally means to assess the worth of something against something else. The importance ofthe assessment of this word in the economic areas in a few past years has led the recognition of urban values especiallyin their historical parts. It is hypothesis that recognition, assessment, and introducing the existing values in historicalcities have a direct relationship with the selection of th...

BACKGROUND Inhabitants of rural areas can be tempted to migrate to urban areas for the type and range of facilities available. Although urban inhabitants may benefit from greater access to human and social services, living in a big city can also bring disadvantages to some residents due to changes in social and physical environments. DESIGN We analysed data from 4,208 women aged >15 years old...

OBJECTIVE To share four Canadian cities' experiences with bed bug infestations and to explore public health roles in managing them. METHODS We summarize presentations from a workshop at the 2010 Canadian Public Health Association Conference which examined the re-emergence of bed bugs in Canada and compared management approaches of municipal and public health authorities in four large Canadian...

The Death and Life of Great American Cities was written in 1961 and is now one of the most influential book in city planning. In it, Jane Jacobs proposed four conditions that promote life in a city. However, these conditions have not been empirically tested until recently. This is mainly because it is hard to collect data about “city life”. The city of Seoul recently collected pedestrian activi...

extended abstractintroductiontoday, large number of world’s major cities is located in coastal environments these towns have and all important positions in the economic, cultural and social functions. coastal areas and the cities located in they are economically very important in terms of the environment, sensitive to many of factors influencing and physically, against a variety of natural haza...

Underground pedestrian systems (UPS) have been developed worldwide especially in the central areas of mega cities. They are integrated with subway systems, underground shopping streets and malls, and the basement of department stores in various forms and integrated with commerce, transport, retailing and public usage in urban functions. In cities with severe weather conditions such as Toronto a...

Urban ecosystems are an increasingly dominant feature of terrestrial landscapes. While evidence that species can adapt to urban environments is accumulating, the mechanisms through which urbanization imposes natural selection on populations are poorly understood. The identification of adaptive phenotypic changes (i.e. clines) along urbanization gradients would facilitate our understanding of th...

With accelerating urbanization, urban competitiveness has become a worldwide academic focus. Previous studies always focused on economic factors but ignored social elements when measuring urban competitiveness. In this paper, a city was considered as a whole containing different units such as departments, individuals and economic activities, which interact with each other and affect its economi...

value literally means to assess the worth of something against something else. the importance ofthe assessment of this word in the economic areas in a few past years has led the recognition of urban values especiallyin their historical parts. it is hypothesis that recognition, assessment, and introducing the existing values in historicalcities have a direct relationship with the selection of th...