the complex-step derivative approximation is applied to compute numerical derivatives. in this study, we propose a new formula of fractional complex-step method utilizing jumarie definition. based on this method, we illustrated an approximate analytic solution for the fractional cauchy-euler equations. application in image denoising is imposed by introducing a new fractional mask depending on s...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Lithium isotopes A-type granite Mafic enclave Continental crust Lithium concentrations and isotopic compositions of 39 A-type granites and mafic enclaves from 11 plutons in Northeast China and the North China craton are used to constrain their genesis and to characterize further the average composition of the continental crust. Lithium concentrations (2.8 to 80 p...

• Neoproterozoic metavolcanics from Wedel Jarlsberg Land and Nördenskiold Land, Svalbard trace magma-crust interaction. The crustal assimilants change geographically reflecting the depositional environment of sedimentary crust. metatuffs have mechanically assimilated shales during eruption. Late metavolcanic rocks occur along Southwest coast Svalbard. protoliths Nordenskiöld are mainly diabase,...