We incorporated a single-layer urban canopy model into a simple two-dimensional atmospheric model in order to describe the fundamental impact of the urban canopy model on an idealized urban heat island simulation. We found that the heat island circulation developed less strongly than when using the atmospheric model with the standard slab urban model. Additionally, the coupling with urban canop...

introduction: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphologic surface of gutta­percha cones after cutting with different methods. materials and methods: the apical 3 millimeters of forty standardized, gutta-percha cones size 40 were cut off using scissors or a scalpel against a glass slab. the samples were then examined under scanning electron microscopy (sem) for topographic deformit...

In the presence of a dielectric slab, the modes of the free electromagnetic field comprise traveling modes, consisting of incoming, reflected, and transmitted parts, as well as trapped modes that are subject to repeated total internal reflection and emerge as evanescent field outside the slab. Traveling modes have a continuous range of frequencies, but trapped modes occur only at certain discre...

A computational method is developed whereby the reflectivity of low-energy electrons from a surface can be obtained from a first-principles solution of the electronic structure of the system. The method is applied to multilayer graphene. Two bands of reflectivity minima are found, one at 0-8 eV and the other at 14-22 eV above the vacuum level. For a free-standing slab with n layers of graphene,...

We present continuous wave laser emission in a photonic crystal microcavity operating at 1.5 microm at room temperature. The structures have been fabricated in an InP slab including a single layer of self-assembled InAs/InP quantum wires (QWrs) as active material. Laser emission in air suspended membranes with thresholds of effective optical pump power of 22 microW and quality factors up to 550...

A mathematical model of a continuous reheating furnace has been developed to identify the design and operating parameters that significantly affect furnace performance. In this study, the furnace is modeled 3 dimensionally and theMonte Carlomethod is used to find the overall absorption factor. The overall absorption factor is then used to calculate the energy balance for furnace walls, the gas,...

Ionospheric slab thickness is defined as the ratio of TEC to maximum electron density of the F-region (NmF2), proportional to the square of the F2-layer critical frequency (foF2). It is an important parameter in that it is linearly correlated with scale height of the ionosphere, which is related to electron density profile. It also reflects variation of the neutral temperature. Therefore, ionos...

We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the waveguiding properties of a novel double trench waveguide where a conventional single-mode strip waveguide is embedded in a two dimensional photonic crystal (PhC) slab formed in silicon on insulator (SOI) wafers. We demonstrate that the bandwidth for relatively low-loss (50dB/cm) waveguiding is significantly expanded to 250nm covering alm...

A simple method is proposed for inclusion of inelastic effects (electron absorption) in computations of low-energy electron reflectivity (LEER) spectra. The theoretical spectra are formulated by matching of electron wavefunctions obtained from first-principles computations in a repeated vacuum-slab-vacuum geometry. Inelastic effects are included by allowing these states to decay in time in acco...