In nesting survival studies nests are not found until after incubation has begun and therefore nests which fail are of unknown age while nests which succeed can be aged afterwards. Typically ornithologists have considered the survival time to be from first encounter and have used the Mayfield method (Mayfield 1961, 1975) or variations of it. Here we consider a new discrete survival model which ...

comparing the robot-assisted technique with the laparoscopic approach for the RGE-LNF harvest, we noted that the robot-assisted intraperitoneal approach had specific advantages. The three-dimensional optics of the Da Vinci system allowed superior visualization of the anatomy. Accurate bloodless dissection was possible due to the extremely precise platform, tremor elimination, and significant mo...