The point estimate of sample coefficient alpha may provide a misleading impression of the reliability of the test score. Because sample coefficient alpha is consistently biased downward, it is more likely to yield a misleading impression of poor reliability. The magnitude of the bias is greatest precisely when the variability of sample alpha is greatest (small population reliability and small s...

In this paper, we investigate the opinion dynamics model of social impact theory on triad scale free network with power law degree distribution and tunable clustering coefficient. Based on this opinion dynamic model, we try to observe the clustering coefficient influence on opinion formation by adjusting the triad formation parameter. Simulation result shows that by adjusting triad scale free n...

In this paper, we propose a simple rule that generates scale-free small-world networks with tunable assortative coefficient. These networks are constructed by two-stage adding process for each new node. The model can reproduce scale-free degree distributions and small-world effect. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical predictions approximately. Interestingly, we obtain the...

Diffusion coefficient measurements are important for many biological and material investigations, such as studies of particle dynamics and kinetics, and size determinations. Among current measurement methods, single particle tracking (SPT) offers the unique ability to simultaneously obtain location and diffusion information about a molecule while using only femtomoles of sample. However, the te...

*Deep root water uptake in tropical Amazonian forests has been a major discovery during the last 15 yr. However, the effects of extended droughts, which may increase with climate change, on deep soil moisture utilization remain uncertain. *The current study utilized a 1999-2005 record of volumetric water content (VWC) under a throughfall exclusion experiment to calibrate a one-dimensional model...

In deciduous forests, soil moisture is an important driver of numerous physical, microbial, and biogeochemical processes. Therefore, characterizing the interactions between vegetation and soil moisture is critical to forecast long-term water resources and ecosystem health. However, these interactions are difficult to measure, both in time and space. Recent studies have shown the ability of elec...

The aim of this paper was to estimate the influence of deposition of N, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn Cd, and Pb from under canopy in comparison with open space waters on the elemental composition of the moss layer to test the hypothesis that Pleurozium schreberi (Brid.) Mitt. and Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. growing under the influence of canopy throughfall of Quercus robur contain hig...

Elevated emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and ammonia in China have resulted in high levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition, being contributors to soil acidification, especially in and near large cities. However, knowledge gaps still exist in the way that large cities shape spatial patterns of acid deposition. Here, we assessed the patterns of pH, sulfate, nitrate and ammonium in ...

We investigate a gauged matrix model in the large N limit which is closely related to the superconductor fluctuation and the flux lattice melting in two dimensions. With the use of saddle point method the free energy is expanded up to eighth order for the coupling constant g. In the case that the coefficient of quadratic term of the Ginzburg-Landau matrix model is negative, a critical point g =...