We model the realignment risk in a two-factor exchange rate target zone model using a Cox process framework. The first factor is the current exchange rate evolving inside the target zone, and the second factor is a shadow exchange rate depicting the free floating exchange rate in the absence of a target zone. By using a Cox process, as opposed to a standard Poisson process, the realignment inte...

Article history: Received 12 May 2008 Received in revised form 25 September 2008 Available online 29 November 2008 0017-9310/$ see front matter 2008 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.09.018 * Corresponding author. Fax: +1 203 576 4765. E-mail address: [email protected] (J. Hu). An integrated comprehensive 3D model has been developed to study the transport phenomena in gas ...

We examined the distribution of uncultured Planctomycetes phylotypes along depth profiles spanning the redox gradient of the Black Sea suboxic zone to gain insight into their respective ecological niches. Planctomycetes phylogeny correlated with depth and chemical profiles, implying similar metabolisms within phylogenetic groups. A suboxic zone sample was split into > 30 and < 30 μm fractions t...

PURPOSE To examine the physiological optics of photorefractive corneal surgery and to study the effect on glare production of the optical zone diameter. METHODS An optical analysis computer program was used to generate rays that define the edge of the optical zone for any given pupil size and glare-free field. RESULTS The optical zone diameter must be based on the postoperative corneal curv...

The role of mitochondrial free radicals in the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning was examined in isolated buffer-perfused rat hearts. Infarct size in control rat hearts subjected to 30 min of regional ischemia and 120 min of reperfusion was 32.6 +/- 3.4% of the risk zone. Ischemic preconditioning (3 cycles of 5-min global ischemia/5-min reperfusion) before the same regional is...

Introduction: In adult mammalian brain, neural stem cells are isolated from both the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone. This study aimed to isolate neural stem cells from adult rat subventricular zone and differentiate them into neurons and astrocytes.&nbsp; Methods: In this study, the whole brain was removed after full anesthesia and creating cervical dislocation. Under a microscope, subv...