The need for compatibility between degrees of freedom of various elements is a major problem encountered in practice during the modeling of complex structures; the problem is generally solved by an additional rotational degree of freedom [1-3]. This present paper investigates possible improvements to the performances of strain based cylindrical shell finite element [4] by introducing an additio...

one of the most important macro-economic objectives of the countries is to create the necessary conditions for promoting economic growth. among them, we can point to political stability and economic freedom. political instability leads to wasting physical and human resources and social capital, which will be considered as an economic rollback. also, the rate of economic growth is associated wit...

A precise determination of direct and indirect costs of implementing the Freedom of Information Act is not possible because agencies generally lack detailed supporting records. Costs of over $61 million were identified mainly from agencies’ 1981 annual reports. The reports vary widely in the ways costs are categorized and measured but provide an indicator of total cost. Inquiries at four agenci...

4. We will publish an analysis of responses to the consultation. Additionally, all responses may be disclosed on request, under the terms of the Freedom of Information Act. The Act gives a public right of access to any information held by a public authority, in this case HEFCE. This includes information provided in response to a consultation. We have a responsibility to decide whether any respo...