"Bottom-up" influences, that is, masting, plus population density and climate, commonly influence woodland rodent demography. However, "top-down" influences (predation) also intervene. Here, we assess the impacts of masting, climate, and density on rodent populations placed in the context of what is known about "top-down" influences. To explain between-year variations in bank vole Myodes glareo...

This experiment was conducted to explore the reasons of difference between ‘Zard’ olive orchard with the poor vegetative growth rate and fruit set and orchard with suitable vegetative growth rate and fruit set in relation to some soil and plant factors during two seasons. Note that assumptions were based on the overall canopy greenness of the olive trees, so experimental orchards in which the p...

background & aim: strawberry (fragaria vesca l.) is a plant belonging to the rosaceae family with medicinal properties, including antioxidant activity. the present study aimed at investigating the antioxidant properties of strawberry. experimental method: to examine the antioxidant effect, fruit extracts at two phonological stages of growth (ripe and unripe strawberry) were prepared. in add...

most sweet cherry cultivars are as found as self-incompatible and therefore for commercial fruit production, compatible pollinizers are needed. controlled pollination and microscopic examination of pollen tube growth in the style are two classical methods for determination of compatible and incompatible pollen donor cultivars. this experiment was carried out to explore the compatibility of ‘zar...

Because of its specific biochemical and molecular properties and nutrient importance, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an established model to study fruit growth and development. This review paper addresses several aspects of tomato fruit growth and development including its specific phases, control by water regime, cell wall enzymes, plant hormones and metabolic processes.

Fruit set and early development depends on endogenous hormone levels and gene expression related to fruit growth and development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). In this study, the growth and development of cucumber ovaries and young fruits, endogenous hormones levels, and Csexpansin 10 (CsEXP 10) gene expressions in pollinated fruits and unpollinated ovaries were studied from -2 to 6 days post a...

Seed and fruit development are intimately related processes controlled by internal signals and environmental cues. The absence of seeds is usually appreciated by consumers and producers because it increases fruit quality and fruit shelf-life. One method to produce seedless fruit is to develop plants able to produce fruits independently from pollination and fertilization of the ovules. The onset...

Changes in photoassimilate partitioning between source and sink organs significantly affect fruit development and size. In this study, a comparison was made of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown under a low fruit load (one fruit per truss, L1 plants) and under a standard fruit load (five fruits per truss, L5 plants), at morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Fruit load red...

Very young cucumber (Cucumis sativus) fruit are highly susceptible to infection by the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora capsici. As the fruit complete exponential growth, at approximately 10-12 days post pollination (dpp), they transition to resistance. The development of age-related resistance (ARR) is increasingly recognized as an important defense against pathogens, however, underlying mechan...